Accounting Question

College of Administration and Finance SciencesAssignment (1)
Deadline: 13/7/2024 @ 23:59
Course Name:
Student’s Name:Taghreed Salem Saleh
Course Code: ACCT403
Student’s ID Number: S210055137
Semester: summer term
CRN: 50203
Academic Year: 1445-1446 H
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name: Wadha Alrashidi
Students’ Grade:
/15
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
• The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated
folder.
• Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
• Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be
reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover
page.
• Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
• Late submission will NOT be accepted.
• Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or
other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
• All answers must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font.
No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism.
• Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
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College of Administration and Finance Sciences
Assignment Question(s):
(Marks 15)
Question 1: The correct and complete sequence of steps in conducting research is as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Identify broad area,
Select topic,
Decide approach,
Formulate plan,
Collect information,
Analyze data,
Present findings.
Using our Saudi Digital library (SDL) you should find two papers in accounting field and determine
for each paper the steps described above.
[4 marks]
Paper 1: Abad-Segura, E., González-Zamar, M. D., López-Meneses, E., & Vázquez-Cano, E. (2020).
Financial technology: review of trends, approaches and management. Mathematics, vol. 8 (6), 951.
Paper 2: Weikmans, R., & Roberts, J. T. (2019). The international climate finance accounting
muddle: is there hope on the horizon?.Climate and Development,11(2), 97-111
1.The broad area of the
paper
2.The topic
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Paper 1
Paper 2
Financial technology
Climate finance
(fintech).
Analyzing global research
Controversies and issues in
on financial technology
international climate finance
from 1975 to 2019,
accounting and reporting, with
identifying research trends,
a focus on the impact of the
key thematic areas, and
Paris Agreement’s “enhanced
future research directions.
transparency framework.”
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3.Approach used
Bibliometric analysis.
Examination of international
climate finance accounting and
reporting practices, analysis of
disputes and discussions
among stakeholders, and
assessment of existing
frameworks and
methodologies.
4.Data source
Elsevier’s Scopus database.
Reports, official documents,
and statements from the
UNFCCC, OECD, Climate
Policy Initiative (CPI), and
other relevant international
organizations, as well as
interviews and statements from
key stakeholders in climate
finance negotiations.
5. Data analysis
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A sample of 2012 articles
Qualitative analysis of the
from scientific journals was
discrepancies in climate
analyzed. Thematic areas
finance figures, the
were identified, and various
methodologies used for
bibliometric indicators
reporting, and the impact of
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(e.g., h-index, citations,
these differences on
collaboration structures)
international negotiations and
were used. Co-occurrence
trust between developed and
analysis was performed to
developing countries. The
detect current and future
analysis includes historical
research topics.
data and recent developments
in climate finance reporting.
6.Findings
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Seven research lines were
The lack of internationally
identified: financial,
agreed-upon accounting
economic, technology
standards for climate finance
transfer, investment,
has led to diverse and often
innovation, partnerships
conflicting reporting practices,
and institutions, and
causing significant disputes
commercial aspects. The
between developed and
study found that scientific
developing countries. The
production on fintech has
OECD-CPI report, which
grown exponentially,
attempted to quantify
particularly in the last
developed countries’
decade (2010-2019). Key
contributions, was met with
driving agents (authors,
skepticism and criticism for its
institutions, and countries)
methodology and conclusions.
were recognized, and future
The Paris Agreement’s
research directions were
“enhanced transparency
suggested, including
framework” offers hope for
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banking, financial services
more consistent and reliable
trade, territorial
climate finance accounting, but
development, legal
significant challenges remain.
management, research
There is a need for clearer
methodologies, and
definitions, better reporting
sustainability. The paper
practices, and enhanced
highlights the significant
transparency to rebuild trust
impact of technological
and ensure that climate finance
advances and digital
commitments are met and
transformation on the
effectively monitored.
financial sector.
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College of Administration and Finance Sciences
Question 2: Write a description of the research problem you propose to investigate and explain why
you chose this topic.
[2 marks]
Topic: Investigating Standardized and Transparent Accounting Methodologies for International
Climate Finance
The proposed research problem centers on the lack of standardized and transparent accounting
methodologies for international climate finance, which has led to significant discrepancies and
mistrust between developed and developing countries. Despite commitments made by developed
nations to provide substantial financial support for climate change mitigation and adaptation in
developing countries, the actual figures reported vary widely due to differing accounting practices
and definitions of what constitutes climate finance. This inconsistency hampers the ability to make
meaningful comparisons, evaluate progress, and ensure accountability in meeting climate finance
goals.
Question 3: What should be considered in developing a good research idea? [2 marks]
A good research idea must take into account a number of important factors(Johnson et al., 2020). In
order to ensure the research’s relevance and field contribution, it should first address a substantial
issue or knowledge gap. Achievability under the time, budget, and resource constraints—including
having access to the required information and instruments—is a critical component of feasibility.
Originality is crucial; the concept should push the limits of existing knowledge by providing a fresh
viewpoint or method. Practicality and impact are also crucial; the study should have measurable
goals and the ability to have a real influence. In order to guarantee responsible behaviour, ethical
factors must be taken into account. Last but not least, a researcher’s enthusiasm and subject-matter
knowledge are essential for sustaining motivation and doing excellent work. A strong, significant,
and fruitful study idea results from striking a balance between these variables.
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College of Administration and Finance Sciences
Question 4: What are the five categories of research methods? [2mark]
Qualitative Research: This method involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to
understand concepts, opinions, or experiences (Chai et al., 2021). Techniques include interviews,
focus groups, and content analysis. It is often used in social sciences to explore complex phenomena
and gain in-depth insights into people’s behaviors, motivations, and attitudes.
Quantitative Research: This method involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to identify
patterns, relationships, or trends. Techniques include surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis. It
often uses tools such as questionnaires and structured interviews, and is common in fields like
economics, psychology, and health sciences where measuring variables and quantifying results are
essential.
Mixed Methods Research: This approach combines both qualitative and quantitative research
methods to provide a more comprehensive analysis. It leverages the strengths of both methods to
offer deeper insights and a more robust understanding of research problems. Researchers may
conduct a quantitative survey followed by qualitative interviews to explain trends observed in the
data.
Descriptive Research: This method aims to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon
being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the characteristics occurred but
rather addresses the “what” aspect. Techniques include case studies, observational studies, and
surveys. It is useful for identifying trends, creating profiles, and understanding the current state of a
subject.
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Experimental Research: This method involves conducting experiments to test hypotheses under
controlled conditions. It is often used in natural and social sciences to establish cause-and-effect
relationships. Researchers manipulate one or more independent variables and observe the effect on
dependent variables, using control groups and randomization to ensure reliable results. Techniques
include laboratory experiments, field experiments, and controlled trials.
Question 5: Differentiate between Quantitative vs. Qualitative research. [2.5 mark]
Obtaining numerical data and using statistical techniques to examine patterns, trends, or correlations
within a sample are the main objectives of quantitative research. It attempts to put a number on the
issue being studied and frequently gathers data using structured tools like surveys and trials. The
capacity to extrapolate results to a broader population and objectivity are prioritised. This method
works well for researching measurable phenomena, including the correlation between variables or
the efficacy of a treatment.
Conversely, the goal of qualitative research is to comprehend phenomena by means of a thorough
investigation and interpretation of experiences, behaviours, and interactions (Levitt, 2021). It uses
techniques including focus groups, interviews, and observations to collect detailed, descriptive data.
In order to identify underlying motives, meanings, or social circumstances, the researcher closely
interacts with the viewpoints of the participants. This method emphasises subjectivity, contextuality,
and the distinctive features of every case it examines, which makes it appropriate for investigating
intricate societal issues or comprehending the experiences of individuals.
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College of Administration and Finance Sciences
Question 6: Define ANOVA and Regression Analysis [2.5 mark]
Although they have different applications and focuses, regression analysis and NOVA (analysis of
variance) are two statistical approaches used to examine relationships and patterns in data.
The statistical technique known as ANOVA is used to examine group variation and identify any
statistically significant variations in means (Elmushyakhi, 2021). In order to determine if any
differences detected are likely the result of true group differences or are just the product of random
chance, the means of two or more groups are compared. To make inferences, an ANOVA computes
the variation within each group and compares it to the variation between groups. It is frequently used
in observational and experimental investigations, like clinical trials, educational research, and
industrial experimentation, when researchers wish to compare different groups.
Conversely, regression analysis is a statistical method that’s used to figure out how one or more
independent variables (denoted as X) and a dependent variable (usually represented as Y) relate to
each other. It aims to simulate and measure the relationship between changes in the independent
factors and changes in the dependent variable. Regression analysis is a useful tool for determining
the direction and strength of correlations, forecasting results, and finding the variables that affect the
dependent variable. It is frequently used to investigate causal linkages and provide predictions based
on data patterns in the social sciences, corporate analytics, economics, and other domains.
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References
Johnson, J. L., Adkins, D., & Chauvin, S. (2020). A review of the quality indicators of rigor in
qualitative research. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 84(1), 7120.
Chai, H. H., Gao, S. S., Chen, K. J., Duangthip, D., Lo, E. C. M., & Chu, C. H. (2021). A concise
review on qualitative research in dentistry. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health, 18(3), 942.
Levitt, H. M. (2021). Qualitative generalization, not to the population but to the phenomenon:
Reconceptualizing variation in qualitative research. Qualitative Psychology, 8(1), 95.
Elmushyakhi, A. (2021, February). Parametric characterization of nano-hybrid wood polymer
composites using ANOVA and regression analysis. In Structures (Vol. 29, pp. 652-662). Elsevier.
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Assignment (2)
Deadline: 27/07/2024 @ 23:59
Course Name:
Student’s Name:
Course Code: ACCT403
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: Summer Term
CRN:
Academic Year: 1445-46 H
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name:
Students’ Grade:
/15
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
• The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated
folder.
• Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
• Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be
reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover
page.
• Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
• Late submission will NOT be accepted.
• Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or
other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
• All answers must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font.
No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism.
• Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Restricted – ‫مقيد‬
College of Administration and Finance Sciences
Assignment Questions
Question 1:
(15Marks)
(5 MARKS)
A. Prepare a questionnaire (Minimum 10 questions) for a survey/interview on the question you
came up from the activity you did in assignment 1 that is Q2( Write a description of the research
problem you propose to investigate and explain why you chose this topic.)
Question 2.
(5 Marks)
Explain interview methods and the areas of concern in conducting them. Give example for each
method.
Question 3.
(2.5 Mark)
What are the characteristics of a good sample?
Question 4.
(2.5 Marks)
Explain why the publication in a Refereed journal articles is more difficult than Professional
journal articles.
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