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Exam 3 Microbiology

question
Sterilization
answer
destroy all viable microbes inclusing vituses and endospores
- inamite objects
question
Disinfection
answer
destroys vegetative pathogens, no endospores
question
Antiseptic
answer
disinfectant applied directly to exposed body surfaces
question
Sanitization
answer
decreases number of microbes to meet public health standard i.e soap, detergent
question
high
answer
prions are ______ resistance
question
high
answer
bacterial endospores are _____ resistance
question
moderate
answer
Pseudomonas is _______ resistance
question
moderate
answer
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is _________ resistance
question
moderate
answer
Staphylococcus aureus is _______ resistance
question
moderate
answer
Protozoan cysts are ______ resistance
question
least
answer
Most bacterial vegetative cells are ______ resistance
question
least
answer
fungal spores, hyphae, yeast are ______ resistance
question
least
answer
enveloped viruses are _______ resistance
question
least
answer
protozoan trophozoites are ____ resistance
question
Factors that influence effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and methods
answer
- length of exposure
- number of microbes
-mode of action of agent
- concentration of agent
-pH and temperatures
- inhibitors in the environment
question
microbiocidal
answer
kills directly
question
tetracycline
answer
a microbiocidal that targets the 70S ribosome
question
microbiostatic
answer
slows growth of bacteria
question
penicillin
answer
an example microbiostatic
question
Heat, Dessication and Radiation
answer
phsyical methods of control
question
Autoclave
answer
Microbiocidal
15 psi/121degrees Celsius/10-40 min
steam under pressure
- denatures proteins membranes and DNA
question
cold
answer
microbiostatic
slows metabolism
question
dessication
answer
removal of water
question
ionizing radiation
answer
x rays and gamma rays
fractures DNA
microbiocidal
question
nonionizing radiation
answer
UV radiation
thymine dimers
question
Filtration
answer
mechanical method of control
physical removal of microbes by passing a gas or liquid through a filter(membrane)
toxins are NOT filtered
question
chlorine
answer
chemical method of control
dentatures proteins
question
iodine
answer
chemical method of control
inhibits protein function
question
phenolics
answer
chemical method of control
disrupts cell membrane
question
antiobiotic
answer
produced by micobe ---> kills other microbes
question
semisynthetic drugs
answer
antibiotics chemically altered
question
synthetic drugs
answer
made by pharmaceutical company
question
narrow spectrum
answer
limited target
question
Penicillin
answer
_________ is a narrow spectrum drug that target mostly gram+
question
broad sprectrum
answer
wide target
question
Tetracylcine
answer
_______ is a broad spectrum drug that targets gram +, gram- and unusual
question
Streptomyces
answer
2/3 of all antibiotics ________
question
Streptomyces, Bacillus
answer
most antibiotics are made from the bacteria ________ and _______
question
Penicillin, Cephalosporium
answer
mols that are used as antiobiotics are _____ and _______
question
Beta lactam drugs
answer
drug thst targets the cell wall and makes up 1/2 of all antimicrobial drugs
Penicillin G/V
Cephalosporins
question
targets cell wall
answer
vancomycin
question
targets cell wall
answer
bacitracin
question
isoniazid
answer
targets cell wall
prevents mycolic acid - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
question
Polymyxin B
answer
targets cell membrane
antibacterial drug that treats severe UTI's or Pseudomonas
question
Amphotercin B, Nystatin
answer
anti-fungal
fungi diff sterols
question
Quionolones
answer
Target DNA/RNA
i.e cipro- inhibits helicases
question
Antivirals
answer
target DNA/RNA
i.e analogs- look like something else to decieve host cell
question
Drugs that target DNA/RNA...
answer
- block synthesis of nucleotides
- inhibit replication
-stop transcription
question
tetracycline
answer
prevents protein synthesis by binding to the 30S Active site
question
erythromycin
answer
targets ribosome
prevents protein synthesis
binds to 50s - prevents translocation
question
sulfonamide
answer
interferes with metabolic pathway
competative inhibition
PABA(substrate)+ enxyme----> folic acid
question
Enterococcus
answer
1st bacteria resistant to vancomycin
question
tetracyline
answer
staining of childrens teeth (toxicity)
question
vancomycin
answer
liver and kidney damage( toxicity)
question
Penicillin
answer
(allergy) 1-5% of adults in the US are allergic to penicillins
question
Disruption in balance of NF
answer
diarrhea
vaginal yeast infection
super infections if possible
question
synergism
answer
using two drugs at lower doses lowers drug resistence and side effects
question
staphylococcus
answer
large round clusters
largest pyogenic bacteria
question
staphylococcus
answer
___________ are catalase + and facultative anaerobes
question
staphylococcus epidermidis
answer
Gram positive
NF on skin, resp, intestines eyes and ears
question
staphylococcus epidermidis
answer
Oppurtunistic endocarditis
-prosthetic devices
respiratory tract+surg incision wounds
question
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
answer
Gram positive
UTI's in young females
question
Staphylococcus aureus
answer
golden
human pathogen
mannitol ferm +
Coagulase+
Gram+
rabbit plasma fibrin clots
question
staphylococcus aureus
answer
local infections of _________
-pimple
outer ear inf.
furuncle, carbuncle
question
Impetigo
answer
common local infection of Staphylococcus aureus
highly contagious, spread by children
question
Staphylococcus aureus
answer
serious infections caused by ----------
- Pneumonia*
meningitis
endocarditis
Myocarditis
pericarditis(40%)
Osteomyelitis
question
cytotoins
answer
i.e Corynebacterium diptheriae- diptheria toxin prevents protein synthesis
exotoxin
question
neurotoxin
answer
i.e Clostridium tetani- tetanus toxin
rigid paralysis
question
enterotoxins
answer
i.e Staphylococcus aureus
food poisoning
question
Scalded Skin Syndrome
answer
staphylococcus aureus
exfolition
infant less thna 12 months
epidermis is shed
bacteremia--> septicemia
question
Toxic shock syndrome
answer
Staphylococcus aureus
exotoxin C
Changes in Mg drop
question
Food poisoning
answer
Staphylococcus aureus
1-6 hour onset ober within 12 hours
nausea vomiting diarrhea
6 entertoxin exotoxin Aand D
question
hylauronidase
answer
breaks down hylauronic acid
breaks epidermis
spreading factor
question
kinase
answer
breaks down clots
question
Leutcocidin
answer
kills white blood cells
question
Streptococcus
answer
more cases of illness and greater variety
oval chains
facultative anaerobes
catalase -
38 species
Lancefield Groups G and A
question
Streptococcus pyogenes
answer
Beta hemolytic Group A
10% of us are carriers
question
Streptococcus pyogenes
answer
produced many toxins/ enzymes
- eythrogenic toxins
- DNAase
- hylauronidase
-streptokinase
-proteases
- streptolysin O and S
question
Streptolysin O
answer
broken down in presences of O2
question
Streptolysin S
answer
oxygen stable
question
M protein
answer
acid and heat resistant
attach to host tissue
avoid phagocytosis
over stimulates immune system
question
Strept throat
answer
Streptococcus pyogenes
10% pharyngitis self limiting
second degree infection if untreated in children around 3% 1-4 weeks after rheumatic fever
50% heart damge from rheumatic fever
question
rheumatic fever
answer
fever arthritis nodules
question
Glomerulonephritis
answer
- kidney damage
brights disease
Streptococcus pyogenes
question
Erysipelas
answer
skin infection caused by S. pyogenes
infection of the dermis- fever
infants and adults> 30 years old
3-4x reoccurences
question
ottis media
answer
steptococcus pyogenes 8-10% of all caes of middle ear infections
question
Puerperal fever
answer
Streptococcus pyogenes mom childbirth__> septicemia
question
Scarlet fever
answer
Streptococcus pyogenes
erythrogenic toxin'red tongue
peeling skin- fingers and toes
rash- trunk
question
Streptococcus agalactiae
answer
Beta Hemolytic Group B
NF vagina preg woman ---> newborn
neonatal sepsis+meningitis 30% of survivors neorological damage
question
Streptococcus mutans
answer
tooth decay
plaque formation
question
Streptococcus mits
answer
endocarditis- often following tooth and gum infection
question
Streptococcus pneumoniae
answer
alpha hemolytic
diplococci
encapsulated
no Lancefield Group
50% of population are carriers
question
Streptococcus pneumoniae
answer
#1 cause of bacterial pneumonia
ottis media
bacterial meningitis
question
Haemphilus influenzae
answer
used to be the leading cause of bacterial meningitis
Mortality 100%!!!!
question
Enterococcus faecalis
answer
NF intestines vagina
can cause disease of GI tract
#1 cause of surgical wound infections
UTIs
endocarditis
VRE
question
Neisseria
answer
Gram negative cocci
diplococci
kidney shaped
question
Neissaria
answer
Aerobe- complex growth requirements(chocolate agar)
- oxidase +
-capsule
- intracellular
- neutrophils
question
Neissaria gonorrhoeae
answer
human only host
attache by fimbriae protein
O pa protein
question
endotoxins and proteases
answer
inflammation in Neisseria gonorrheae caused by
question
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
answer
2nd leading cause of bacterial STI
question
Neisseria menigitidis
answer
2nd leading cause of meningitis
10% of us are carriers
test blood and cerebral spinal fluid
endotoxin
question
B
answer
most commen strain of Neissaria menigitidis
question
Waterhouse Fredrickson Syndrome
answer
Neisseria meningitidis
hemorriging in adrenal glands
death within hours
rare severe
question
Bacillus and Clostidium
answer
Gram positive Bacilli Endospore producers
question
Bacillus
answer
aerobic
streptobacilli
"bamboo"
question
Bacillus anthracis
answer
anthrax
cytotoxin(plasmid)
endospore central
question
cutaneous, intestinal, pulmonary
answer
3 types of human anthrax
question
Wool sorters disease
answer
Bacillus anthrax
MR- 100%
question
Bacillus cereus
answer
panopthalmitis - enterotoxin
food poisoning from rice/starchy foods
question
Clostridium
answer
anaerobic
toxin producers
patrichous motile
terminal endospore
question
Clostridium perfringes
answer
no visible endospores
gas gangrene- skeletal muscle , crepitant tissue
gastroenteritus- meats- infection, inflammation
question
Clostridium tetani
answer
tetanus
terminal endospores
tetanospsmin toxin
released upon the death of the cells
question
Clostridium botulinum
answer
central endospore
4 neurotoxins target humans 8 in total
flaccid paralysis
Most powerful toxin known to man 1oz kill US pop
question
Floppy Baby syndrome
answer
Clostridum botulinum
honey in infants
question
Clostridium botulinum
answer
food borne- few cases/yr
wound- 1-2 cases /yr
-infant - most common
question
Clostridium difficile
answer
subterminal
NF infants/ some adults
intestinal infection-->colon
Nosocomial
IV antibiotics
question
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
answer
- bacillus
club shaped pleomorphic rods
metachromatic granules phospahte
question
Corynebacterium diptheriae
answer
palisade arrangemt- parrallel to another
"Chinese letters"
powerful cytotoxin inhibits protein synthesis-->necrosis
question
Diptheria
answer
- droplet transmission or direct contact
- sore throat, fever, swelling of neck
question
diptheria
answer
starts in throat or wound-necrotic tissue "pseudomembrane"
then necrosis of heart, liver, CNS
vaccine DTaP
question
Listeria monocytogenes
answer
diplobacilli with capsule
found in soil from animal feces
transmitted to humans from contam. veg, meat, dairy(cheese)
can grow in refrig temp
question
Listeriosis
answer
mild
causes menningitis in immunosuprressed individuals
intracellular in macrophages of liver
question
Listeriosis
answer
pregnant woman can pass to fetus --> septic abortion
menningitis in newborn
question
Listeriosis
answer
meningitis 50-60% die 4th leading cause
question
Lactobacillus
answer
NF non pathogenic
- food-yogurt buttermil
-probiotics
question
Propionebacterium acnes
answer
-anaerobic
-pleomorphic
NF skin lives in hair follicles--> growth from sebum
question
sebum
answer
a fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands
question
Mycobacterium
answer
straight or slightly curved long thin bacilli
mycolic acids in cell wall - acid fast
slow growers
question
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
answer
Disov RObert Koch
transmitted by dropleet
infects lungs bones GI tract
question
Mycobacterium leprae
answer
leprosy(Hansens disease)
grows on skin and periferal nervous system
never grown on artificial media
invades myelin sheath=nerve damage
30 degrees celsius
question
Mycobacterium leprae
answer
transmitted by nasal secretions
- long incubation- years
changes in pigmentation
disfiguring of face
treatment 2years -->life
question
Brucella
answer
gram + aerobic bacilli
small intracellular(macrophages)
Brucellosis- undulant fever, Malta fever
question
Zoonosis
answer
a disease in animals that can be transmitted to humans
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
answer
gram - bacilli
soil water pipes hot tubs
oppurtunistic
burn patients, cystic fibrosis
reiststant to many antibacterial drugs
nosocomial
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
answer
blue green pigment sweet grape odor
question
Bordetella pertussis
answer
Gram- bacilli
- whooping cough
toxins damge ciliated cells of respiratory tract
endotoxin and extoxins
DTaP
question
Bordetella parapertussis
answer
mild whooping cough
Kennell cough in dogs
question
Francisells tularensis
answer
Zoonosis- tularemia - rabbit fever
90% transmit from rabbil
intracellular macrophages
intact skin
question
Legionella pneumophila
answer
Found in AC units, humidifier, showers, fountains
intracellular
question
Legionellosis
answer
Legionnaire's disease
pneumonia more than 1,000 cases year 25,000 est
question
Milder Pontiac Fever
answer
more mild
Legionella pneomophila
question
Family Enterobacteriaceae
answer
gram - enterics
facultative anaerobes
produce endotoxins
diff strain based on location of antigens
question
Shigella
answer
toxin producer- shiga exotoxin
question
Shigellosis
answer
bacillary dysentary
vomiting diarrhea
cramps fever
self limiting
Day- care outbreaks
question
Salmonella enterica
answer
food poisoning
1 of 145
question
Sterilization
answer
destroy all viable microbes inclusing vituses and endospores
- inamite objects
question
Disinfection
answer
destroys vegetative pathogens, no endospores
question
Antiseptic
answer
disinfectant applied directly to exposed body surfaces
question
Sanitization
answer
decreases number of microbes to meet public health standard i.e soap, detergent
question
high
answer
prions are ______ resistance
question
high
answer
bacterial endospores are _____ resistance
question
moderate
answer
Pseudomonas is _______ resistance
question
moderate
answer
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is _________ resistance
question
moderate
answer
Staphylococcus aureus is _______ resistance
question
moderate
answer
Protozoan cysts are ______ resistance
question
least
answer
Most bacterial vegetative cells are ______ resistance
question
least
answer
fungal spores, hyphae, yeast are ______ resistance
question
least
answer
enveloped viruses are _______ resistance
question
least
answer
protozoan trophozoites are ____ resistance
question
Factors that influence effectiveness of antimicrobial agents and methods
answer
- length of exposure
- number of microbes
-mode of action of agent
- concentration of agent
-pH and temperatures
- inhibitors in the environment
question
microbiocidal
answer
kills directly
question
tetracycline
answer
a microbiocidal that targets the 70S ribosome
question
microbiostatic
answer
slows growth of bacteria
question
penicillin
answer
an example microbiostatic
question
Heat, Dessication and Radiation
answer
phsyical methods of control
question
Autoclave
answer
Microbiocidal
15 psi/121degrees Celsius/10-40 min
steam under pressure
- denatures proteins membranes and DNA
question
cold
answer
microbiostatic
slows metabolism
question
dessication
answer
removal of water
question
ionizing radiation
answer
x rays and gamma rays
fractures DNA
microbiocidal
question
nonionizing radiation
answer
UV radiation
thymine dimers
question
Filtration
answer
mechanical method of control
physical removal of microbes by passing a gas or liquid through a filter(membrane)
toxins are NOT filtered
question
chlorine
answer
chemical method of control
dentatures proteins
question
iodine
answer
chemical method of control
inhibits protein function
question
phenolics
answer
chemical method of control
disrupts cell membrane
question
antiobiotic
answer
produced by micobe ---> kills other microbes
question
semisynthetic drugs
answer
antibiotics chemically altered
question
synthetic drugs
answer
made by pharmaceutical company
question
narrow spectrum
answer
limited target
question
Penicillin
answer
_________ is a narrow spectrum drug that target mostly gram+
question
broad sprectrum
answer
wide target
question
Tetracylcine
answer
_______ is a broad spectrum drug that targets gram +, gram- and unusual
question
Streptomyces
answer
2/3 of all antibiotics ________
question
Streptomyces, Bacillus
answer
most antibiotics are made from the bacteria ________ and _______
question
Penicillin, Cephalosporium
answer
mols that are used as antiobiotics are _____ and _______
question
Beta lactam drugs
answer
drug thst targets the cell wall and makes up 1/2 of all antimicrobial drugs
Penicillin G/V
Cephalosporins
question
targets cell wall
answer
vancomycin
question
targets cell wall
answer
bacitracin
question
isoniazid
answer
targets cell wall
prevents mycolic acid - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
question
Polymyxin B
answer
targets cell membrane
antibacterial drug that treats severe UTI's or Pseudomonas
question
Amphotercin B, Nystatin
answer
anti-fungal
fungi diff sterols
question
Quionolones
answer
Target DNA/RNA
i.e cipro- inhibits helicases
question
Antivirals
answer
target DNA/RNA
i.e analogs- look like something else to decieve host cell
question
Drugs that target DNA/RNA...
answer
- block synthesis of nucleotides
- inhibit replication
-stop transcription
question
tetracycline
answer
prevents protein synthesis by binding to the 30S Active site
question
erythromycin
answer
targets ribosome
prevents protein synthesis
binds to 50s - prevents translocation
question
sulfonamide
answer
interferes with metabolic pathway
competative inhibition
PABA(substrate)+ enxyme----> folic acid
question
Enterococcus
answer
1st bacteria resistant to vancomycin
question
tetracyline
answer
staining of childrens teeth (toxicity)
question
vancomycin
answer
liver and kidney damage( toxicity)
question
Penicillin
answer
(allergy) 1-5% of adults in the US are allergic to penicillins
question
Disruption in balance of NF
answer
diarrhea
vaginal yeast infection
super infections if possible
question
synergism
answer
using two drugs at lower doses lowers drug resistence and side effects
question
staphylococcus
answer
large round clusters
largest pyogenic bacteria
question
staphylococcus
answer
___________ are catalase + and facultative anaerobes
question
staphylococcus epidermidis
answer
Gram positive
NF on skin, resp, intestines eyes and ears
question
staphylococcus epidermidis
answer
Oppurtunistic endocarditis
-prosthetic devices
respiratory tract+surg incision wounds
question
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
answer
Gram positive
UTI's in young females
question
Staphylococcus aureus
answer
golden
human pathogen
mannitol ferm +
Coagulase+
Gram+
rabbit plasma fibrin clots
question
staphylococcus aureus
answer
local infections of _________
-pimple
outer ear inf.
furuncle, carbuncle
question
Impetigo
answer
common local infection of Staphylococcus aureus
highly contagious, spread by children
question
Staphylococcus aureus
answer
serious infections caused by ----------
- Pneumonia*
meningitis
endocarditis
Myocarditis
pericarditis(40%)
Osteomyelitis
question
cytotoins
answer
i.e Corynebacterium diptheriae- diptheria toxin prevents protein synthesis
exotoxin
question
neurotoxin
answer
i.e Clostridium tetani- tetanus toxin
rigid paralysis
question
enterotoxins
answer
i.e Staphylococcus aureus
food poisoning
question
Scalded Skin Syndrome
answer
staphylococcus aureus
exfolition
infant less thna 12 months
epidermis is shed
bacteremia--> septicemia
question
Toxic shock syndrome
answer
Staphylococcus aureus
exotoxin C
Changes in Mg drop
question
Food poisoning
answer
Staphylococcus aureus
1-6 hour onset ober within 12 hours
nausea vomiting diarrhea
6 entertoxin exotoxin Aand D
question
hylauronidase
answer
breaks down hylauronic acid
breaks epidermis
spreading factor
question
kinase
answer
breaks down clots
question
Leutcocidin
answer
kills white blood cells
question
Streptococcus
answer
more cases of illness and greater variety
oval chains
facultative anaerobes
catalase -
38 species
Lancefield Groups G and A
question
Streptococcus pyogenes
answer
Beta hemolytic Group A
10% of us are carriers
question
Streptococcus pyogenes
answer
produced many toxins/ enzymes
- eythrogenic toxins
- DNAase
- hylauronidase
-streptokinase
-proteases
- streptolysin O and S
question
Streptolysin O
answer
broken down in presences of O2
question
Streptolysin S
answer
oxygen stable
question
M protein
answer
acid and heat resistant
attach to host tissue
avoid phagocytosis
over stimulates immune system
question
Strept throat
answer
Streptococcus pyogenes
10% pharyngitis self limiting
second degree infection if untreated in children around 3% 1-4 weeks after rheumatic fever
50% heart damge from rheumatic fever
question
rheumatic fever
answer
fever arthritis nodules
question
Glomerulonephritis
answer
- kidney damage
brights disease
Streptococcus pyogenes
question
Erysipelas
answer
skin infection caused by S. pyogenes
infection of the dermis- fever
infants and adults> 30 years old
3-4x reoccurences
question
ottis media
answer
steptococcus pyogenes 8-10% of all caes of middle ear infections
question
Puerperal fever
answer
Streptococcus pyogenes mom childbirth__> septicemia
question
Scarlet fever
answer
Streptococcus pyogenes
erythrogenic toxin'red tongue
peeling skin- fingers and toes
rash- trunk
question
Streptococcus agalactiae
answer
Beta Hemolytic Group B
NF vagina preg woman ---> newborn
neonatal sepsis+meningitis 30% of survivors neorological damage
question
Streptococcus mutans
answer
tooth decay
plaque formation
question
Streptococcus mits
answer
endocarditis- often following tooth and gum infection
question
Streptococcus pneumoniae
answer
alpha hemolytic
diplococci
encapsulated
no Lancefield Group
50% of population are carriers
question
Streptococcus pneumoniae
answer
#1 cause of bacterial pneumonia
ottis media
bacterial meningitis
question
Haemphilus influenzae
answer
used to be the leading cause of bacterial meningitis
Mortality 100%!!!!
question
Enterococcus faecalis
answer
NF intestines vagina
can cause disease of GI tract
#1 cause of surgical wound infections
UTIs
endocarditis
VRE
question
Neisseria
answer
Gram negative cocci
diplococci
kidney shaped
question
Neissaria
answer
Aerobe- complex growth requirements(chocolate agar)
- oxidase +
-capsule
- intracellular
- neutrophils
question
Neissaria gonorrhoeae
answer
human only host
attache by fimbriae protein
O pa protein
question
endotoxins and proteases
answer
inflammation in Neisseria gonorrheae caused by
question
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
answer
2nd leading cause of bacterial STI
question
Neisseria menigitidis
answer
2nd leading cause of meningitis
10% of us are carriers
test blood and cerebral spinal fluid
endotoxin
question
B
answer
most commen strain of Neissaria menigitidis
question
Waterhouse Fredrickson Syndrome
answer
Neisseria meningitidis
hemorriging in adrenal glands
death within hours
rare severe
question
Bacillus and Clostidium
answer
Gram positive Bacilli Endospore producers
question
Bacillus
answer
aerobic
streptobacilli
"bamboo"
question
Bacillus anthracis
answer
anthrax
cytotoxin(plasmid)
endospore central
question
cutaneous, intestinal, pulmonary
answer
3 types of human anthrax
question
Wool sorters disease
answer
Bacillus anthrax
MR- 100%
question
Bacillus cereus
answer
panopthalmitis - enterotoxin
food poisoning from rice/starchy foods
question
Clostridium
answer
anaerobic
toxin producers
patrichous motile
terminal endospore
question
Clostridium perfringes
answer
no visible endospores
gas gangrene- skeletal muscle , crepitant tissue
gastroenteritus- meats- infection, inflammation
question
Clostridium tetani
answer
tetanus
terminal endospores
tetanospsmin toxin
released upon the death of the cells
question
Clostridium botulinum
answer
central endospore
4 neurotoxins target humans 8 in total
flaccid paralysis
Most powerful toxin known to man 1oz kill US pop
question
Floppy Baby syndrome
answer
Clostridum botulinum
honey in infants
question
Clostridium botulinum
answer
food borne- few cases/yr
wound- 1-2 cases /yr
-infant - most common
question
Clostridium difficile
answer
subterminal
NF infants/ some adults
intestinal infection-->colon
Nosocomial
IV antibiotics
question
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
answer
- bacillus
club shaped pleomorphic rods
metachromatic granules phospahte
question
Corynebacterium diptheriae
answer
palisade arrangemt- parrallel to another
"Chinese letters"
powerful cytotoxin inhibits protein synthesis-->necrosis
question
Diptheria
answer
- droplet transmission or direct contact
- sore throat, fever, swelling of neck
question
diptheria
answer
starts in throat or wound-necrotic tissue "pseudomembrane"
then necrosis of heart, liver, CNS
vaccine DTaP
question
Listeria monocytogenes
answer
diplobacilli with capsule
found in soil from animal feces
transmitted to humans from contam. veg, meat, dairy(cheese)
can grow in refrig temp
question
Listeriosis
answer
mild
causes menningitis in immunosuprressed individuals
intracellular in macrophages of liver
question
Listeriosis
answer
pregnant woman can pass to fetus --> septic abortion
menningitis in newborn
question
Listeriosis
answer
meningitis 50-60% die 4th leading cause
question
Lactobacillus
answer
NF non pathogenic
- food-yogurt buttermil
-probiotics
question
Propionebacterium acnes
answer
-anaerobic
-pleomorphic
NF skin lives in hair follicles--> growth from sebum
question
sebum
answer
a fatty secretion of the sebaceous glands
question
Mycobacterium
answer
straight or slightly curved long thin bacilli
mycolic acids in cell wall - acid fast
slow growers
question
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
answer
Disov RObert Koch
transmitted by dropleet
infects lungs bones GI tract
question
Mycobacterium leprae
answer
leprosy(Hansens disease)
grows on skin and periferal nervous system
never grown on artificial media
invades myelin sheath=nerve damage
30 degrees celsius
question
Mycobacterium leprae
answer
transmitted by nasal secretions
- long incubation- years
changes in pigmentation
disfiguring of face
treatment 2years -->life
question
Brucella
answer
gram + aerobic bacilli
small intracellular(macrophages)
Brucellosis- undulant fever, Malta fever
question
Zoonosis
answer
a disease in animals that can be transmitted to humans
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
answer
gram - bacilli
soil water pipes hot tubs
oppurtunistic
burn patients, cystic fibrosis
reiststant to many antibacterial drugs
nosocomial
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
answer
blue green pigment sweet grape odor
question
Bordetella pertussis
answer
Gram- bacilli
- whooping cough
toxins damge ciliated cells of respiratory tract
endotoxin and extoxins
DTaP
question
Bordetella parapertussis
answer
mild whooping cough
Kennell cough in dogs
question
Francisells tularensis
answer
Zoonosis- tularemia - rabbit fever
90% transmit from rabbil
intracellular macrophages
intact skin
question
Legionella pneumophila
answer
Found in AC units, humidifier, showers, fountains
intracellular
question
Legionellosis
answer
Legionnaire's disease
pneumonia more than 1,000 cases year 25,000 est
question
Milder Pontiac Fever
answer
more mild
Legionella pneomophila
question
Family Enterobacteriaceae
answer
gram - enterics
facultative anaerobes
produce endotoxins
diff strain based on location of antigens
question
Shigella
answer
toxin producer- shiga exotoxin
question
Shigellosis
answer
bacillary dysentary
vomiting diarrhea
cramps fever
self limiting
Day- care outbreaks
question
Salmonella enterica
answer
food poisoning
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