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question
Which of the following is NOT an acellular agent?
Virusoids
Viroids
Bacteria
Viruses
Prions
answer
bacteria
question
The Spread plate technique is__________________________________.
- a method of isolation of microbes based on the microbial culture's solution densities.
- a method of generating mixed cultures of microbes.
- a method of tearing apart a microbe.
- a method of isolation in which a diluted microbial sample is deposited on an agar plate and spread uniformly across the surface with a glass rod.
answer
a method of isolation in which a diluted microbial sample is deposited on an agar plate and spread uniformly across the surface with a glass rod.
question
Viruses can multiple (make more of themselves) OUTSIDE of a host cell.
True
False
answer
false
question
Which type of Phages (viruses) are ONLY capable of the lytic cycle?
- Virulent phages are capable of both lytic and lysogenic cycles.
- Temperate phages
- Virulent phages
- None of the answers here are correct
answer
virulent
question
Some viruses can cause cancer in humans and animals.
True
False
answer
true
question
Which of the following is a type of colony characteristic?
- Lobate
- All answers here are colony characteristics
- Convex
- Rhizoid
- Fillamentous
answer
all
question
Once a streak plate has been incubated, isolated colonies can be removed to create pure cultures.
True
False
answer
true
question
We do NOT need to use aseptic (sterile) techniques at all when performing the spread and streak plate lab.
True
False
answer
false
question
Which of the following is a good method for obtaining isolated pure cultures of a microorganism?
Streak plate
Pour plate
Spread plate
All of the answers here are good methods for isolating microbes
answer
all
question
Micronutrients are normally a part of enzymes and cofactors where they aid in the catalysis of reactions and the maintenance of protein structure
True
False
answer
True
question
Most microorganisms require large amounts of sodium (Na).
True
False
answer
False
question
What are the SIX macroelements (macronutrients) elements of Life?
answer
C, H, O, S, P, N
question
___ are supplemented by blood or other special nutrients to encourage the growth of fastidious heterotrophs.
Enriched
Selective
Differential
Supportive
answer
Enriched
question
_________________use reduced inorganic compounds as their electron source.
hexotrophs
Halotrophs
Organotrophs
Lithotrophs
answer
Lithotrophs
question
What instrument will we use to measure the growth of the microorganisms in the closed-system growth lab?
Volumetric flask
Flow cytometer
Weight scalse
Spectrophotometer
answer
Spectrophotometer
question
In which phase of a closed-system growth is a time of maximum growth?
stationary
log
death
lag
answer
log
question
Antisepsis is the prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms.
true
false
answer
true
question
Which of the following is NOT a chemical control agent against microbes?
Aldehydes
Alcohols
Carbohydrates
Halogens
Phenolics
answer
carbohydrates
question
Who discovered Penicillin?
Robert Hooke
Alexander Fleming
Paul Ehrlich
Sahachiro Hata
answer
Alexander Fleming
question
Penicillin works by........
- inhibiting DNA replication in most grams positive and some gram negative bacteria.
- inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis in many gram positive bacteria and some gram negative.
- substituting an important compound in the pathways for the production of folic acid in bacteria.
- inhibiting the translation of important glycolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm.
answer
inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis in many gram positive bacteria and some gram negative.
question
Antibiotic Resistance is of grave Concern in the Medical Community. Which of the following ways contribute to antibiotic resistance?
- Bacterial cells can pass resistance genes to other bacterial cells
- Antibiotics are available over the counter in developing countries, allowing for overuse and incorrect use
- All of the ways listed here contribute to antibiotic resistance.
- Improper or excessive use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance
answer
All of the ways listed here contribute to antibiotic resistance.
question
The following is a list of antibiotics drugs along with their therapeutic indexes in brackets for treatment of the same bacterial infection. Which antibiotic is the best to use based on its therapeutic index number?
Antibiotic A -- [20]
Antibiotic D -- [1]
Antibiotic B -- [10]
Antibiotic C -- [5]
answer
Antibiotic A -- [20]
question
Which type of antibiotics contain a four-ring structure with side chains and has a very broad bacteriostatic spectrum that includes intracellular parasites and mycoplasmas.
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Penicillin
Sulfonamides
answer
Tetracyclines
question
Which type of ultraviolet radiation is the most detrimental to bacteria?
UV-B
UV-A
UV-C
answer
UV-C
question
Chemical germicides designed for use on or in living tissue are called_________.
Disinfectants
Sterilent
Antiseptics
answer
Antiseptics
question
In medical microbiology antibiotics and synthetic chemotherapeutic agents are commonly used to treat what?
diabetes
cancer
autoimmune disease
bacterial infections
answer
bacterial infections
question
Some microbes can natually produce chemical substances, known as antibiotics, to inhibit the growth of competing organisms.
true
false
answer
TRUE
question
The size of the zone of inhibition depends upon the sensitivity of the bacteria to the specific antimicrobial agent and the point at which the chemical's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is reached
true
false
answer
true
question
Fluid thioglycollate medium is designed to promote the growth of a wide variety of fastidious microorganisms using all levels of oxygen tolerance. However, it generally is associated with the cultivation of which microbes?
microaerophiles and anaerobes
obligate aerobes only
facultative aerobes and anaerobes
aerobes only
answer
microaerophiles and anaerobes
question
According to your Fluid Thioglycolate lab results, did you have any obligate anaerobes?
Yes, it was the Clostridium
Yes, it was E. coli
Yes, all organisms were obligate anaerobes.
Yes, it was Proteus
Yes, it was Bacillus
answer
Yes, it was the Clostridium
question
According to your results for the thioglycolate medium lab, where would a Bacillus microbes grow best at?
Bacillus will only grow at the very top of the medium.
Bacillus will NOT grow in this medium at all.
Bacillus will only grow at the very bottom of the medium
Bacillus will only grow at the very middle of the medium.
answer
Bacillus will only grow at the very top of the medium.
question
What is the difference between a streak plate and a spread plate techniques?
- The spread plate is used mainly to produce isolated colonies on the agar while the streak plate is used to distribute microorganisms evenly throughout the agar.
- The spread plate is used to isolate pathogenic microbes while the streak plate is used to isolate transient flora.
- The streak plate is used to produce isolated colonies on the agar while the spread plate is used to distribute microorganisms evenly throughout the agar.
- Both the streak and spread plates have exactly the same function of creating a lawn of bacteria.
answer
The streak plate is used to produce isolated colonies on the agar while the spread plate is used to distribute microorganisms evenly throughout the agar.
question
Why are Petri plates incubated upside down (agar side up)?
- The lids of Petri plates often have condensation. If plates are incubated right side up, the condensation can drip down on the agar and caused isolated colonies to run together.
-They are incubated upside down to prevent the agar from contacting the heat source directly in the incubator.
-So the agar does not solubalize in the condensation of the Petri dishes
-Bacteria grow better upside down in a Petri dish.
answer
The lids of Petri plates often have condensation. If plates are incubated right side up, the condensation can drip down on the agar and caused isolated colonies to run together
question
Do you need to sterilize (or flame) the loop in between quadrant streaks when performing the streak method?
Yes --- always
No --- never
Sometimes -- Depends if you see any microbes hanging off the loop then you should sterilize it else just carry on without sterilization.
answer
yes-always
question
Based on the results (if results were expected) of your UV lab experiment, which microbe culture survived (or should theoretically survive) the UV light exposures the best? (hint: which can produce spores?)
Bacillus culture
E. Coi culture
answer
Bacillus culture
question
After exposing half of your agar plate with UV light and covering the other half with index paper, which section should have the most growth?
-The covered side will have the most growth.
-Both sections of the agar plate will have the same amount of growth.
-The UV exposed side will have the most growth.
-Both sides will have no growth.
answer
The covered side will have the most growth.
question
Why was it important to remove the petri dish plate cover prior to exposing the petri dish containing your lawn of bacteria to UV radiation?
- Removing the plate cover will allow the UV radiation wave to reflect out of the petri dish.
- cover allow the microbiologists (students) to observe the agar during UV radiation.
- The microbes need oxygen.
-UV radiation does NOT penetrate plastics and you need direct exposure for mutations to occur.
answer
UV radiation does NOT penetrate plastics and you need direct exposure for mutations to occur.
question
Based on your results from the "Chemical germicides" lab, the higher the concentration of the disinfectant, the more growth occurred on the nutrient agar plate.
True
False
answer
false
question
Classify the following germicides as antiseptic or disinfectant:
Bleach and Conflict = disinfectant or antiseptic
Hydrogen peroxide and Alcohol = disinfectant or antiseptic
answer
bleach and conflict: disinfectant

h.p. and alcohol= antiseptic
question
To get isolated colonies on a plate, only about 300 cells can be in the inoculum. What will happen if the cell density of the inoculum significantly exceeds this number?
-There will be exactly 300 isolated colonies.
-There will be many large isolated pure colonies.
-There will be a confluent growth (a "lawn") of bacteria, but possibly no isolated colonies.
-There will be no growth at all.
answer
There will be a confluent growth (a "lawn") of bacteria, but possibly no isolated colonies
question
The spread plate method could be used to determine the concentrations (CFU/mL) of a bacterial culture.
True
False
answer
true
question
If an organism has a mean generation time of 25 minutes, what is its mean growth rate
answer
.04
question
After incubating your spread plates for 48 hours you counted 50 colonies on a plate that you had initiallyinoculated with 0.100mL of a 1/1000 dilution of the original bacterial sample. What is the original colony forming unit per mL (CFU/ml) of the original sample?
answer
500,000
question
If a bacterium has a generation time (doubling time) of 20 minutes. How long will it take for 100 bacterial cells to grow into 6400 bacterial cells?
answer
120
1 of 44
question
Which of the following is NOT an acellular agent?
Virusoids
Viroids
Bacteria
Viruses
Prions
answer
bacteria
question
The Spread plate technique is__________________________________.
- a method of isolation of microbes based on the microbial culture's solution densities.
- a method of generating mixed cultures of microbes.
- a method of tearing apart a microbe.
- a method of isolation in which a diluted microbial sample is deposited on an agar plate and spread uniformly across the surface with a glass rod.
answer
a method of isolation in which a diluted microbial sample is deposited on an agar plate and spread uniformly across the surface with a glass rod.
question
Viruses can multiple (make more of themselves) OUTSIDE of a host cell.
True
False
answer
false
question
Which type of Phages (viruses) are ONLY capable of the lytic cycle?
- Virulent phages are capable of both lytic and lysogenic cycles.
- Temperate phages
- Virulent phages
- None of the answers here are correct
answer
virulent
question
Some viruses can cause cancer in humans and animals.
True
False
answer
true
question
Which of the following is a type of colony characteristic?
- Lobate
- All answers here are colony characteristics
- Convex
- Rhizoid
- Fillamentous
answer
all
question
Once a streak plate has been incubated, isolated colonies can be removed to create pure cultures.
True
False
answer
true
question
We do NOT need to use aseptic (sterile) techniques at all when performing the spread and streak plate lab.
True
False
answer
false
question
Which of the following is a good method for obtaining isolated pure cultures of a microorganism?
Streak plate
Pour plate
Spread plate
All of the answers here are good methods for isolating microbes
answer
all
question
Micronutrients are normally a part of enzymes and cofactors where they aid in the catalysis of reactions and the maintenance of protein structure
True
False
answer
True
question
Most microorganisms require large amounts of sodium (Na).
True
False
answer
False
question
What are the SIX macroelements (macronutrients) elements of Life?
answer
C, H, O, S, P, N
question
___ are supplemented by blood or other special nutrients to encourage the growth of fastidious heterotrophs.
Enriched
Selective
Differential
Supportive
answer
Enriched
question
_________________use reduced inorganic compounds as their electron source.
hexotrophs
Halotrophs
Organotrophs
Lithotrophs
answer
Lithotrophs
question
What instrument will we use to measure the growth of the microorganisms in the closed-system growth lab?
Volumetric flask
Flow cytometer
Weight scalse
Spectrophotometer
answer
Spectrophotometer
question
In which phase of a closed-system growth is a time of maximum growth?
stationary
log
death
lag
answer
log
question
Antisepsis is the prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms.
true
false
answer
true
question
Which of the following is NOT a chemical control agent against microbes?
Aldehydes
Alcohols
Carbohydrates
Halogens
Phenolics
answer
carbohydrates
question
Who discovered Penicillin?
Robert Hooke
Alexander Fleming
Paul Ehrlich
Sahachiro Hata
answer
Alexander Fleming
question
Penicillin works by........
- inhibiting DNA replication in most grams positive and some gram negative bacteria.
- inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis in many gram positive bacteria and some gram negative.
- substituting an important compound in the pathways for the production of folic acid in bacteria.
- inhibiting the translation of important glycolytic enzymes in the cytoplasm.
answer
inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis in many gram positive bacteria and some gram negative.
question
Antibiotic Resistance is of grave Concern in the Medical Community. Which of the following ways contribute to antibiotic resistance?
- Bacterial cells can pass resistance genes to other bacterial cells
- Antibiotics are available over the counter in developing countries, allowing for overuse and incorrect use
- All of the ways listed here contribute to antibiotic resistance.
- Improper or excessive use of antibiotics causes antibiotic resistance
answer
All of the ways listed here contribute to antibiotic resistance.
question
The following is a list of antibiotics drugs along with their therapeutic indexes in brackets for treatment of the same bacterial infection. Which antibiotic is the best to use based on its therapeutic index number?
Antibiotic A -- [20]
Antibiotic D -- [1]
Antibiotic B -- [10]
Antibiotic C -- [5]
answer
Antibiotic A -- [20]
question
Which type of antibiotics contain a four-ring structure with side chains and has a very broad bacteriostatic spectrum that includes intracellular parasites and mycoplasmas.
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Penicillin
Sulfonamides
answer
Tetracyclines
question
Which type of ultraviolet radiation is the most detrimental to bacteria?
UV-B
UV-A
UV-C
answer
UV-C
question
Chemical germicides designed for use on or in living tissue are called_________.
Disinfectants
Sterilent
Antiseptics
answer
Antiseptics
question
In medical microbiology antibiotics and synthetic chemotherapeutic agents are commonly used to treat what?
diabetes
cancer
autoimmune disease
bacterial infections
answer
bacterial infections
question
Some microbes can natually produce chemical substances, known as antibiotics, to inhibit the growth of competing organisms.
true
false
answer
TRUE
question
The size of the zone of inhibition depends upon the sensitivity of the bacteria to the specific antimicrobial agent and the point at which the chemical's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is reached
true
false
answer
true
question
Fluid thioglycollate medium is designed to promote the growth of a wide variety of fastidious microorganisms using all levels of oxygen tolerance. However, it generally is associated with the cultivation of which microbes?
microaerophiles and anaerobes
obligate aerobes only
facultative aerobes and anaerobes
aerobes only
answer
microaerophiles and anaerobes
question
According to your Fluid Thioglycolate lab results, did you have any obligate anaerobes?
Yes, it was the Clostridium
Yes, it was E. coli
Yes, all organisms were obligate anaerobes.
Yes, it was Proteus
Yes, it was Bacillus
answer
Yes, it was the Clostridium
question
According to your results for the thioglycolate medium lab, where would a Bacillus microbes grow best at?
Bacillus will only grow at the very top of the medium.
Bacillus will NOT grow in this medium at all.
Bacillus will only grow at the very bottom of the medium
Bacillus will only grow at the very middle of the medium.
answer
Bacillus will only grow at the very top of the medium.
question
What is the difference between a streak plate and a spread plate techniques?
- The spread plate is used mainly to produce isolated colonies on the agar while the streak plate is used to distribute microorganisms evenly throughout the agar.
- The spread plate is used to isolate pathogenic microbes while the streak plate is used to isolate transient flora.
- The streak plate is used to produce isolated colonies on the agar while the spread plate is used to distribute microorganisms evenly throughout the agar.
- Both the streak and spread plates have exactly the same function of creating a lawn of bacteria.
answer
The streak plate is used to produce isolated colonies on the agar while the spread plate is used to distribute microorganisms evenly throughout the agar.
question
Why are Petri plates incubated upside down (agar side up)?
- The lids of Petri plates often have condensation. If plates are incubated right side up, the condensation can drip down on the agar and caused isolated colonies to run together.
-They are incubated upside down to prevent the agar from contacting the heat source directly in the incubator.
-So the agar does not solubalize in the condensation of the Petri dishes
-Bacteria grow better upside down in a Petri dish.
answer
The lids of Petri plates often have condensation. If plates are incubated right side up, the condensation can drip down on the agar and caused isolated colonies to run together
question
Do you need to sterilize (or flame) the loop in between quadrant streaks when performing the streak method?
Yes --- always
No --- never
Sometimes -- Depends if you see any microbes hanging off the loop then you should sterilize it else just carry on without sterilization.
answer
yes-always
question
Based on the results (if results were expected) of your UV lab experiment, which microbe culture survived (or should theoretically survive) the UV light exposures the best? (hint: which can produce spores?)
Bacillus culture
E. Coi culture
answer
Bacillus culture
question
After exposing half of your agar plate with UV light and covering the other half with index paper, which section should have the most growth?
-The covered side will have the most growth.
-Both sections of the agar plate will have the same amount of growth.
-The UV exposed side will have the most growth.
-Both sides will have no growth.
answer
The covered side will have the most growth.
question
Why was it important to remove the petri dish plate cover prior to exposing the petri dish containing your lawn of bacteria to UV radiation?
- Removing the plate cover will allow the UV radiation wave to reflect out of the petri dish.
- cover allow the microbiologists (students) to observe the agar during UV radiation.
- The microbes need oxygen.
-UV radiation does NOT penetrate plastics and you need direct exposure for mutations to occur.
answer
UV radiation does NOT penetrate plastics and you need direct exposure for mutations to occur.
question
Based on your results from the "Chemical germicides" lab, the higher the concentration of the disinfectant, the more growth occurred on the nutrient agar plate.
True
False
answer
false
question
Classify the following germicides as antiseptic or disinfectant:
Bleach and Conflict = disinfectant or antiseptic
Hydrogen peroxide and Alcohol = disinfectant or antiseptic
answer
bleach and conflict: disinfectant

h.p. and alcohol= antiseptic
question
To get isolated colonies on a plate, only about 300 cells can be in the inoculum. What will happen if the cell density of the inoculum significantly exceeds this number?
-There will be exactly 300 isolated colonies.
-There will be many large isolated pure colonies.
-There will be a confluent growth (a "lawn") of bacteria, but possibly no isolated colonies.
-There will be no growth at all.
answer
There will be a confluent growth (a "lawn") of bacteria, but possibly no isolated colonies
question
The spread plate method could be used to determine the concentrations (CFU/mL) of a bacterial culture.
True
False
answer
true
question
If an organism has a mean generation time of 25 minutes, what is its mean growth rate
answer
.04
question
After incubating your spread plates for 48 hours you counted 50 colonies on a plate that you had initiallyinoculated with 0.100mL of a 1/1000 dilution of the original bacterial sample. What is the original colony forming unit per mL (CFU/ml) of the original sample?
answer
500,000
question
If a bacterium has a generation time (doubling time) of 20 minutes. How long will it take for 100 bacterial cells to grow into 6400 bacterial cells?
answer
120
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