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First Line of Defense

question
How do tears and saliva function as part of innate immunity?
answer
Tears contain lysozymes that prevents bacteria growth by cleaving bacterial wall.
Saliva contains IgA which prevents bacterial from attaching to mucous membranes.
question
How do the following physical factors function as part of the 1st line of defense?
o Epidermis of skin, mucous membranes, mucus, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, hairs, cilia, epiglottis, urine, vaginal secretions, peristalsis, defecation, vomiting, coughing, sneezing.
answer
They prevent pathogens from entering the body
question
What characteristics of the skin make it a good physical barrier?
answer
Keratin, sebum, closely packed cells, high salt content, antibacterial proteins, shedding of skin
question
How do cilia in the respiratory tract function as part of innate immunity? Explain the Mucociliary Escalator System and how it functions in innate immunity.
answer
The remove particles and other things from the respiratory tract.
The Mucocillary Escalator System
Goblet cells produce mucous that sits on top of cilia and as cilia moves it carries pathogens to be removed.
question
How do normal flora function in innate immunity?
answer
Its prevents the growth of bad bacteria
question
Lactobacillus acidophilus
E. coli
Pseudiomonas aeriginosa
answer
-found in the vagina, uses, glycogen as fuel = lactic acid keeping pH low.
-located in our gut, releases bacterioncins that inhibits growth of salmonella and shigella
-found on our skin and produces puesdomonic acid and can kill staphylococcus.
question
What can prolonged treatment with antibiotics do?
answer
Kill off normal flora which keeps us healthy. They cant tell the difference so the antibiotics kill the bad and natural bacteria.
question
Where does lysozyme come from what is its mechanism in functioning against bacteria? Defensins?
answer
Lysozyme- is found in our tears and saliva, they cleave the bacteria wall allowing our immune system to enter and destroy it.
Defensins- are defense peptides that are produced by many cells, they insert themselves into the bacterial wall forming holes = killing them.
question
How can anticholinergic drugs compromise components of immunity?
answer
This drug would cause the patient to stop salivatng, decrease stomach acid. This would result in the patient being more prone to bacterial infections.
question
How does Breast Milk contribute to immune protection in an infant?
answer
Breast Milk contains IgA which prevent attachment of bacteria and this is passed on to infants through ingesting it.
question
How do the following factors function as chemicals or produce chemicals that act in innate immunity?
o sebum, lysozyme, saliva, gastric juice, urine, vaginal secretions, Lactobacillus acidophilus.
answer
They are automatically made and released in the body. They contain certain antibodies that prevent the growth of bad bacteria.
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question
How do tears and saliva function as part of innate immunity?
answer
Tears contain lysozymes that prevents bacteria growth by cleaving bacterial wall.
Saliva contains IgA which prevents bacterial from attaching to mucous membranes.
question
How do the following physical factors function as part of the 1st line of defense?
o Epidermis of skin, mucous membranes, mucus, lacrimal apparatus, saliva, hairs, cilia, epiglottis, urine, vaginal secretions, peristalsis, defecation, vomiting, coughing, sneezing.
answer
They prevent pathogens from entering the body
question
What characteristics of the skin make it a good physical barrier?
answer
Keratin, sebum, closely packed cells, high salt content, antibacterial proteins, shedding of skin
question
How do cilia in the respiratory tract function as part of innate immunity? Explain the Mucociliary Escalator System and how it functions in innate immunity.
answer
The remove particles and other things from the respiratory tract.
The Mucocillary Escalator System
Goblet cells produce mucous that sits on top of cilia and as cilia moves it carries pathogens to be removed.
question
How do normal flora function in innate immunity?
answer
Its prevents the growth of bad bacteria
question
Lactobacillus acidophilus
E. coli
Pseudiomonas aeriginosa
answer
-found in the vagina, uses, glycogen as fuel = lactic acid keeping pH low.
-located in our gut, releases bacterioncins that inhibits growth of salmonella and shigella
-found on our skin and produces puesdomonic acid and can kill staphylococcus.
question
What can prolonged treatment with antibiotics do?
answer
Kill off normal flora which keeps us healthy. They cant tell the difference so the antibiotics kill the bad and natural bacteria.
question
Where does lysozyme come from what is its mechanism in functioning against bacteria? Defensins?
answer
Lysozyme- is found in our tears and saliva, they cleave the bacteria wall allowing our immune system to enter and destroy it.
Defensins- are defense peptides that are produced by many cells, they insert themselves into the bacterial wall forming holes = killing them.
question
How can anticholinergic drugs compromise components of immunity?
answer
This drug would cause the patient to stop salivatng, decrease stomach acid. This would result in the patient being more prone to bacterial infections.
question
How does Breast Milk contribute to immune protection in an infant?
answer
Breast Milk contains IgA which prevent attachment of bacteria and this is passed on to infants through ingesting it.
question
How do the following factors function as chemicals or produce chemicals that act in innate immunity?
o sebum, lysozyme, saliva, gastric juice, urine, vaginal secretions, Lactobacillus acidophilus.
answer
They are automatically made and released in the body. They contain certain antibodies that prevent the growth of bad bacteria.
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