GLOH Exam 1 - Custom Scholars
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GLOH Exam 1

question
Health
answer
a state of complete mental, physical, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity
question
Public Health
answer
the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health through organized community efforts
question
Global Health
answer
an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide
question
Key Principles in Global Health
answer
focus on public good, belief in global perspective, scientific and interdisciplinary approach based on evidence, multilevel approaches to interventions, need for comprehensive frameworks for health policies and financing
question
The Millennium Development Goals
answer
formulated in 2000 at the UN Millennium Summit, 8 goals with 15 targets that countries pledged to reach by 2015
question
The 8 MDGs
answer
1. eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. achieve universal primary education
3. promote gender equality and empower women
4. reduce child mortality
5. improve maternal health
6. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7. ensure environmental sustainability
8. global partnership for development
question
The Sustainable Development Goals
answer
17 goals adopted by the UN at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in 2015 to end extreme poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and fix climate change
question
Determinants of Health
answer
the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations
question
Social Determinants of Health
answer
the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
question
Maternal Mortality Ratio
answer
the number of women who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year
question
Neonatal Mortality Rate
answer
the number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age in a given year per 1000 live births in that year
question
Infant Mortality Rate
answer
the number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live births in a given year
question
Under Five Mortality Rate
answer
the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, expressed as a number per 1000 live births
question
Life Expectancy at Birth
answer
the average number of years a newborn baby could expect to live if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of the newborn's life
question
Death Rate
answer
the number of deaths per 1000 population in a given year
question
Morbidity
answer
the presence of illness or disease
question
Prevalence
answer
the number of people suffering from a certain health condition over a specific time period (total number of cases)
question
Point Prevalence
answer
the proportion of a population that is diseased at a single point in time
question
Incidence Rate
answer
the number of people getting a disease per 1000 population at risk, for a given period of time
question
Disability
answer
temporary or long term reduction in a person's capacity to function
question
Three Classifications for Causes of Death and Disability
answer
communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and injuries
question
HALE
answer
health adjusted life expectancy; the expected number of years to live in good health
question
DALY
answer
disability adjusted life year; unit for measuring the amount of health lost because of a particular disease or injury
question
How to Calculate DALYs
answer
years lived with disability+years of life lost
question
Demographic Divide
answer
high income countries: low fertility, often declining populations, aging populations
low income countries: relatively high fertility, growing populations
question
Demographic Transition
answer
change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
question
Epidemiological Transition
answer
a shift in the pattern of disease from largely communicable diseases to noncommunicable diseases
question
Urbanization
answer
movement of people from rural areas to cities
question
Physical Activity Transition
answer
shift from sedentary to active lifestyles
question
Nutritional Transition
answer
range of diets/nutritional intake
question
Outdoor Air Pollution
answer
contamination of the outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere
question
Sanitation
answer
proper disposal of human and animal waste, access to toilets, proper toilet use, avoiding open space defecation
question
Culture
answer
a set of beliefs and behaviors that are learned and shared
question
5 A's of Public Health
answer
Accessibility
Availability
Affordability
Acceptability
Appropriateness
question
Health Equity
answer
the achievement of health and the capacity to achieve good health, including the fairness of the process
question
Health Inequity
answer
differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable, but also unfair and unjust
question
Health Inequality
answer
differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups
question
Health Disparities
answer
a type of difference in health that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage
question
Public Expenditure on Health
answer
expenditure by any level of government or government agency
question
Private Expenditure on Health
answer
expenditure that comes from sources other than governments
question
Out of Pocket Expenditures on Health
answer
expenses not covered or reimbursed by an insurance program
question
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
answer
a method for comparing the cost of an investment with the amount of health that can be purchased with that investment
question
Positive Rights
answer
...
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question
Health
answer
a state of complete mental, physical, and social well-being and not merely the absence of infirmity
question
Public Health
answer
the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health through organized community efforts
question
Global Health
answer
an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide
question
Key Principles in Global Health
answer
focus on public good, belief in global perspective, scientific and interdisciplinary approach based on evidence, multilevel approaches to interventions, need for comprehensive frameworks for health policies and financing
question
The Millennium Development Goals
answer
formulated in 2000 at the UN Millennium Summit, 8 goals with 15 targets that countries pledged to reach by 2015
question
The 8 MDGs
answer
1. eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. achieve universal primary education
3. promote gender equality and empower women
4. reduce child mortality
5. improve maternal health
6. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7. ensure environmental sustainability
8. global partnership for development
question
The Sustainable Development Goals
answer
17 goals adopted by the UN at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in 2015 to end extreme poverty, fight inequality and injustice, and fix climate change
question
Determinants of Health
answer
the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine the health status of individuals or populations
question
Social Determinants of Health
answer
the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age
question
Maternal Mortality Ratio
answer
the number of women who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth complications per 100,000 live births in a given year
question
Neonatal Mortality Rate
answer
the number of deaths of infants under 28 days of age in a given year per 1000 live births in that year
question
Infant Mortality Rate
answer
the number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1000 live births in a given year
question
Under Five Mortality Rate
answer
the probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, expressed as a number per 1000 live births
question
Life Expectancy at Birth
answer
the average number of years a newborn baby could expect to live if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of the newborn's life
question
Death Rate
answer
the number of deaths per 1000 population in a given year
question
Morbidity
answer
the presence of illness or disease
question
Prevalence
answer
the number of people suffering from a certain health condition over a specific time period (total number of cases)
question
Point Prevalence
answer
the proportion of a population that is diseased at a single point in time
question
Incidence Rate
answer
the number of people getting a disease per 1000 population at risk, for a given period of time
question
Disability
answer
temporary or long term reduction in a person's capacity to function
question
Three Classifications for Causes of Death and Disability
answer
communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and injuries
question
HALE
answer
health adjusted life expectancy; the expected number of years to live in good health
question
DALY
answer
disability adjusted life year; unit for measuring the amount of health lost because of a particular disease or injury
question
How to Calculate DALYs
answer
years lived with disability+years of life lost
question
Demographic Divide
answer
high income countries: low fertility, often declining populations, aging populations
low income countries: relatively high fertility, growing populations
question
Demographic Transition
answer
change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
question
Epidemiological Transition
answer
a shift in the pattern of disease from largely communicable diseases to noncommunicable diseases
question
Urbanization
answer
movement of people from rural areas to cities
question
Physical Activity Transition
answer
shift from sedentary to active lifestyles
question
Nutritional Transition
answer
range of diets/nutritional intake
question
Outdoor Air Pollution
answer
contamination of the outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere
question
Sanitation
answer
proper disposal of human and animal waste, access to toilets, proper toilet use, avoiding open space defecation
question
Culture
answer
a set of beliefs and behaviors that are learned and shared
question
5 A's of Public Health
answer
Accessibility
Availability
Affordability
Acceptability
Appropriateness
question
Health Equity
answer
the achievement of health and the capacity to achieve good health, including the fairness of the process
question
Health Inequity
answer
differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable, but also unfair and unjust
question
Health Inequality
answer
differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups
question
Health Disparities
answer
a type of difference in health that is closely linked with social or economic disadvantage
question
Public Expenditure on Health
answer
expenditure by any level of government or government agency
question
Private Expenditure on Health
answer
expenditure that comes from sources other than governments
question
Out of Pocket Expenditures on Health
answer
expenses not covered or reimbursed by an insurance program
question
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
answer
a method for comparing the cost of an investment with the amount of health that can be purchased with that investment
question
Positive Rights
answer
...
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