Health Unit 3 Key Definitions – EXAM

question

peace (prerequisite for health)

answer

absence of conflict and presence of mutual understanding, tolerance and respect

question

Shelter (prerequisite for health)

answer

a structure that provides protection from the outside environment as well a security, ventilation, heating, a water supply and sanitation

question

Education (prerequisite for health)

answer

promotes numeracy and literacy

question

Food (prerequisite for health)

answer

ensures efficient functioning of the human body

question

food security

answer

all persons obtain nutritionally adequate food that is culturally appropriate regularly through non-emergency services

question

income (prerequisite for health)

answer

is a resource to access food, healthcare, transport, shelter and education

question

stable eco-system (prerequisite for health)

answer

All living things are having their needs for food, water, shelter and reproduction met without causing detrimental effects to the natural environment.

question

social justice (prerequisite for health)

answer

fair distribution of economic resources and equal access to essential services

question

Equity (prerequisite for health)

answer

minimum levels of income and resources are accessible to everyone and no one is disadvantaged to such resources

question

sustainable resources (prerequisite for health)

answer

the current standards must be sustainable and what the present generation use now can be maintained for future generations

question

health and wellbeing

answer

to the state of an individuals social, spiritual, mental, emotional and physical existence and them feeling happy, capable and engaged

question

Physical health and wellbeing

answer

refers to the body and its systems

question

Social health and wellbeing

answer

refers to the ability to form meaningful relationships and adapt appropriately to different social situations

question

Spiritual health and wellbeing

answer

refers to the ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the conscience of an individual

question

mental health and wellbeing

answer

refers to the individuals state of mind and the ability to process information

question

emotional health and wellbeing

answer

refers to an individuals way of processing and expressing the range of emotions and displaying resilience

question

disease

answer

a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms

question

illness

answer

a subjective concept that relates to an individuals experience of a disease

question

health status

answer

An individual's or a population's overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

question

self-assessed health status

answer

An individual's own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general

question

life expectancy

answer

the number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.

question

health-adjusted life expectancy

answer

The average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health, that is, time lived without the health consequences of disease or injury

question

Maternal mortality

answer

death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery

question

Under-5 mortality rate

answer

the number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births

question

morbidity

answer

refers to the ill health of an individual and levels of ill health in a population

question

mortality

answer

the number of deaths in a population in a given period

question

incidence

answer

refers to the number of new cases of a particular condition/disease in a given period

question

prevalence

answer

the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

question

burden of disease

answer

a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY

question

Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

answer

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury

question

Smoking risk factors

answer

- chemicals in tobacco smoke attach to the lungs and develop into a tumour
- causes high blood pressure as a result of CO binding to haemoglobin, reducing the amounts of O2 that can be transported around the body as CO and O2 compete
- chemicals develop airways

question

alcohol risk factors

answer

- energy dense substance
- increases risk taking behaviour
- alcohol is a depressant

question

BMI definition

answer

BMI is a tool that estimates the total amount of body fat has

question

high BMI risk factors

answer

- puts strain on the heart as it narrows surrounding arteries, increasing hypertension
- puts pressure on joints, causing inflammation and pain
- increased risk of type 2 diabetes
- high blood pressure

question

Underconsumption of vegetables

answer

- lack of antioxidants which remove free radicals, lowering presence of cancerous cells present
- increase fat and sugar intake as low fibre intake, increasing weight

question

Underconsumption of fruit

answer

- lack of fibre in the diet, feeling more hungry and more likely to consume energy dense foods, increasing weight
- poor levels of nutrients present, increasing CVD and cancers

question

Underconsumption of dairy

answer

- lack of calcium, affecting bone growth
- decreases bone density with bones becoming porous, contributing to osteoporosis

question

high intake of fat

answer

- LDL (low density lipoprotein) deposits on blood vessel walls and narrows arteries, leading to high blood pressure
- HDL slows effects by LDL
- contributes to weight gain when overly-consumed as they are energy dense
- interfere with function of cell membranes, impairing glucose regulation

question

high intake of salt

answer

- sodium draws fluid out of cells and increases blood volume
- high blood volume = hypertension = heart attack

question

high intake of sugar

answer

- source of bacteria and contributes to dental decay
- energy dense so stored as fat tissue when consumed excessively

question

low intake of fibre

answer

- low levels of fibre so overeating occurs
- soluble fibres attach to LDL and excrete them, lowering CVD likelihood

question

low intake of iron

answer

- impaired haemoglobin function
- anaemia

question

biological differences in health status - relate to the body

answer

body weight, blood pressure, glucose regulation, birth weight and blood cholesterol

question

sociocultural differences in health status - social and cultural conditions into which people are born, live, work and age

answer

unemployment, education and income, social exclusion, food security, access to healthcare and SES status

question

environmental differences in health status - physical surroundings in which we live, work and play

answer

geographic location, housing, work environment and climate change

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question

peace (prerequisite for health)

answer

absence of conflict and presence of mutual understanding, tolerance and respect

question

Shelter (prerequisite for health)

answer

a structure that provides protection from the outside environment as well a security, ventilation, heating, a water supply and sanitation

question

Education (prerequisite for health)

answer

promotes numeracy and literacy

question

Food (prerequisite for health)

answer

ensures efficient functioning of the human body

question

food security

answer

all persons obtain nutritionally adequate food that is culturally appropriate regularly through non-emergency services

question

income (prerequisite for health)

answer

is a resource to access food, healthcare, transport, shelter and education

question

stable eco-system (prerequisite for health)

answer

All living things are having their needs for food, water, shelter and reproduction met without causing detrimental effects to the natural environment.

question

social justice (prerequisite for health)

answer

fair distribution of economic resources and equal access to essential services

question

Equity (prerequisite for health)

answer

minimum levels of income and resources are accessible to everyone and no one is disadvantaged to such resources

question

sustainable resources (prerequisite for health)

answer

the current standards must be sustainable and what the present generation use now can be maintained for future generations

question

health and wellbeing

answer

to the state of an individuals social, spiritual, mental, emotional and physical existence and them feeling happy, capable and engaged

question

Physical health and wellbeing

answer

refers to the body and its systems

question

Social health and wellbeing

answer

refers to the ability to form meaningful relationships and adapt appropriately to different social situations

question

Spiritual health and wellbeing

answer

refers to the ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the conscience of an individual

question

mental health and wellbeing

answer

refers to the individuals state of mind and the ability to process information

question

emotional health and wellbeing

answer

refers to an individuals way of processing and expressing the range of emotions and displaying resilience

question

disease

answer

a physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms

question

illness

answer

a subjective concept that relates to an individuals experience of a disease

question

health status

answer

An individual's or a population's overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

question

self-assessed health status

answer

An individual's own opinion about how they feel about their health, their state of mind and their life in general

question

life expectancy

answer

the number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.

question

health-adjusted life expectancy

answer

The average length of time an individual at a specific age can expect to live in full health, that is, time lived without the health consequences of disease or injury

question

Maternal mortality

answer

death of a mother during pregnancy, childbirth or within six weeks of delivery

question

Under-5 mortality rate

answer

the number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births

question

morbidity

answer

refers to the ill health of an individual and levels of ill health in a population

question

mortality

answer

the number of deaths in a population in a given period

question

incidence

answer

refers to the number of new cases of a particular condition/disease in a given period

question

prevalence

answer

the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time

question

burden of disease

answer

question

Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)

answer

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury

question

Smoking risk factors

answer

question

alcohol risk factors

answer

- energy dense substance
- increases risk taking behaviour
- alcohol is a depressant

question

BMI definition

answer

BMI is a tool that estimates the total amount of body fat has

question

high BMI risk factors

answer

question

Underconsumption of vegetables

answer

- lack of antioxidants which remove free radicals, lowering presence of cancerous cells present
- increase fat and sugar intake as low fibre intake, increasing weight

question

Underconsumption of fruit

answer

- lack of fibre in the diet, feeling more hungry and more likely to consume energy dense foods, increasing weight
- poor levels of nutrients present, increasing CVD and cancers

question

Underconsumption of dairy

answer

- lack of calcium, affecting bone growth
- decreases bone density with bones becoming porous, contributing to osteoporosis

question

high intake of fat

answer

question

high intake of salt

answer

- sodium draws fluid out of cells and increases blood volume
- high blood volume = hypertension = heart attack

question

high intake of sugar

answer

- source of bacteria and contributes to dental decay
- energy dense so stored as fat tissue when consumed excessively

question

low intake of fibre

answer

- low levels of fibre so overeating occurs
- soluble fibres attach to LDL and excrete them, lowering CVD likelihood

question

low intake of iron

answer

- impaired haemoglobin function
- anaemia

question

biological differences in health status - relate to the body

answer

body weight, blood pressure, glucose regulation, birth weight and blood cholesterol

question

sociocultural differences in health status - social and cultural conditions into which people are born, live, work and age

answer

unemployment, education and income, social exclusion, food security, access to healthcare and SES status

question

environmental differences in health status - physical surroundings in which we live, work and play

answer

geographic location, housing, work environment and climate change

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Health Unit 3 Key Definitions – EXAM

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