managerial econ final exam 1-3 - Custom Scholars
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managerial econ final exam 1-3

question
Which of the following economic forces promotes profitability in the long run?
answer
-Existence of strong barriers to entry.

-A large number of complementary products
question
The value of a firm is
answer
smaller the higher is the risk premium used to compute the firm's value.
question
An annual income statement from Quest Realty, Inc. is shown below:

During this year of operation, Quest Realty owned and occupied an office building in downtown Indianapolis. For this year, the building could have been leased to other businesses for $2,000,000 in lease income. Quest Realty also owned undeveloped land valued at $15,000,000. Owners of Quest Realty can earn a 14% rate of return annually on funds invested elsewhere.

Total implicit costs of using owner-supplied resources for Quest Realty for this year are
answer
$4,100,000
question
St. Charles Hospital, located in an upper-income neighborhood of a large city, recently received a restored mansion as a gift from an appreciative patient. The board of directors decided to remodel the mansion and use it as recuperative quarters for patients willing to pay for luxurious accommodations. The cost to the hospital of using the mansion includes
answer
both b and c

-how much the hospital would receive if it rented or sold the mansion.

-how much the hospital pays for upkeep--taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance, etc.
question
Which of the following is NOT one of features characterizing market structures?
answer
the level of capital investment in research and development
question
When economic profit is positive,
answer
total revenue exceeds total economic cost.
question
Until recently you worked as an accountant earning $30,000 annually. Then you inherited a piece of commercial real estate bringing in $12,000 rent annually. You decided to leave your job and operate a video rental store in the office space you inherited.

At the end of the first year, your books showed total revenues of $60,000 and total costs of $30,000 for video purchases, utilities, taxes, and supplies. What is the total cost of operating the video store?
answer
$72,000
question
Which of the following is a common mistake managers make?
answer
Increasing the rate of production in order to reduce unit costs of production.
question
In a perfectly competitive market,
answer
all firms produce and sell a standardized or undifferentiated product.
question
A manager who does not see his or her goal as the maximization of profit
answer
-both b and c

-represents a principle-agent problem.

-will likely be replaced either by shareholders or by a takeover of the firm.
question
The principal-agent problem arises when
answer
-both a and b

-the principal and the agent have different objectives.

-the principal cannot enforce the contract with the agent or finds it too costly to monitor the agent.
question
At the beginning of 2015, market analysts expect Atlantis Company, holder of a valuable patent, to earn the following stream of economic profits over the next five years. At the end of five years, Atlantis will lose its patent protection, and analysts expect economic profit to be zero after five years.

If investors apply an annual risk-adjusted discount rate of 15%, the value of Atlantis Company in 2015 is $________, which is also the maximum price investors would be willing to pay for Atlantis Company.
answer
$884,912
question
A market
answer
is any arrangement that brings buyers and sellers together to exchange goods or services.
question
Moral hazard
answer
is the cause of principal-agent problems.
question
A price-setting firm
answer
can lower the price of its product and sell more units.
question
An annual income statement from Quest Realty, Inc. is shown below:

During this year of operation, Quest Realty owned and occupied an office building in downtown Indianapolis. For this year, the building could have been leased to other businesses for $2,000,000 in lease income. Quest Realty also owned undeveloped land valued at $15,000,000. Owners of Quest Realty can earn a 14% rate of return annually on funds invested elsewhere.
answer
none of the above
question
Economic profit is the best measure of a firm's performance because
answer
the opportunity cost of using ALL resources is subtracted from total revenue.
question
Owners of a firm want the managers to make business decisions which will
answer
both a and b are correct when revenue and cost conditions in one time period are independent of revenues and costs in future time periods.
question
Which of the following is an example of an implicit cost for a firm?
answer
-both a and c

-the value of time worked by the owner.

-forgone rent on property owned by firm.
question
Refer to the figure below:

If the price is $16, the resulting
answer
surplus will lead to a fall in price.
question
Refer to the figure below:

If price is $16 there is
answer
a surplus of 250 units.
question
Use the following general linear supply function:
Qs = 40 + 6 P - 8 PI + 10 F

where Q s is the quantity supplied of the good, P is the price of the good, PI is the price of an input, and F is the number of firms producing the good.

If PI = $20, F = 60, and the demand function is Qd = 600 - 6 p the equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively,
answer
P = $10 and Q = 540.
question
Use the following general linear demand relation:
Qd = 680 - 9 P + 0.006 M - 4 PR

where M is income and PR is the price of a related good, R.

If M = $15,000 and PR = $20, the demand function is
answer
Qd = 690 - 9 P.
question
Increases in the wage rates of coal miners and decreases in the price of natural gas would cause the price of coal to
answer
rise, fall, or remain unchanged depending on the magnitude of the changes, but the equilibrium quantity of coal would fall
question
Use the following demand and supply functions:
Demand: Qd = 900 - 60 P
Supply: Qs = - 200 + 50 P

Let supply remain constant; an increase in income causes consumers to be willing and able to buy 220 more units at each price than they were previously.

The new equilibrium price and quantity are
answer
P = $12 and Q = 400.
question
If the price of a complement for tires decreases, all else equal,
answer
demand for tires will increase.
question
Use the following general linear demand relation:
Qd = 100 - 5 P + 0.004 M - 5 PR

where P is the price of good X, M is income, and PR is the price of a related good, R.

If M = $50,000 and PR= $10 and the supply function is Qs = 150 + 5 P, market price and output are, respectively,
answer
P = $10 and Q = 200.
question
When the average price of videocassette recorders (VCRs) falls, the result is
answer
an increase in the quantity of VCRs demanded.
question
So long as the actual market price exceeds the equilibrium market price, there will be
answer
downward pressure on the price.
question
In which of the following cases must price always fall?
answer
-Both c and d

-Supply increases and demand remains constant.

-Demand decreases and supply increases
question
Refer to the figure below:

Let supply remain constant at S; an increase in the price of a substitute good causes consumers to be willing and able to buy 150 more units of the good at each price in the list than they were when demand was D. Which of the following statements is (are) true?
answer
-both a and d

-At the original equilibrium price there will be a shortage of 150.

-At the new equilibrium P = $7 and Q = 400.
question
Use the following demand and supply functions:
Demand: Qd = 50 - 4 P
Supply: Qs = 20 + 2 P

If the price is $10, there is a
answer
surplus of 30 units.
question
Use the following demand and supply functions:
Demand: Qd = 900 - 60 P
Supply: Qs = -200 + 50 P

Equilibrium price and output are
answer
P = $10 and Q = 300.
question
Suppose that the market for engagement rings is in equilibrium. Then political unrest in South Africa shuts down the diamond mines there. South Africa is the world's primary supplier of diamonds. What will happen?
answer
The equilibrium quantity of engagement rings will decrease.
question
Refer to the figure below:

If price is $8,
answer
there will be a shortage of 150 units.
question
Use the following general linear demand function below:

Qd = a + bP + cM + dPR

where Qd = quantity demanded, P = the price of the good, M = income, PR = the price of a good related in consumption. The law of demand requires that
answer
b < 0.
question
Derrick owns and operates a bakery. Every Saturday he bakes a batch of fresh kolaches, and every Saturday he sells all the kolaches and has to turn some customers away. Which of the following statements is correct?
answer
-both a and c

-At the current price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied.

-If Derrick lowered the price of kolaches, the shortage would increase.
question
Use the following general linear supply function:

Qs = 40 + 6 P - 8 PI + 10 F

where Qs is the quantity supplied of the good, P is the price of the good, PI is the price of an input, and F is the number of firms producing the good.

Suppose PI = $40 and F = 50, what is the lowest price that will induce firms to supply 400 units of output?
answer
$30
question
Suppose that the market for salad dressing is in equilibrium. Then the price of lettuce rises. What will happen?
answer
The demand for salad dressing will decrease.
question
A firm is deciding whether or not to close down its plant and modernize by installing new technology. Which of the following should management ignore when making the decision?
answer
How much the present plant cost
question
A toy manufacturer is experiencing quality problems on its assembly line. Every defective toy that leaves the factory costs the firm $20. The firm has decided to hire quality inspectors to catch defective toys before they leave the factory.

Given the above information, if each inspector is paid $100 a day, how many inspectors should the firm hire to minimize the total cost of defective toys?
answer
3
question
The optimal level of any activity is that level for which
answer
total benefit exceeds total cost by the greatest amount.
question
A restaurant hires cooks and waiters. Cooks earn $10 an hour; waiters earn $5 an hour. The manager, who wants to maximize the number of meals served given a fixed payroll of $45 per hour, expects the following from cooks and waiters:
answer
850.
question
The optimal level of pollution reduction is that level at which
answer
- both a and d

-the total benefits of pollution reduction exceeds the total cost of pollution reduction by the largest amount.

-the additional benefit of the last unit of pollution reduction equals the additional cost of the last unit of pollution reduction.
question
The manager of the customer service department at a bank can hire employees with a high school degree ( HS) who earn $10,000 annually or employees with a bachelor's degree ( B) who earn $20,000. The manager wants to maximize the number of customers served given a fixed payroll.

Given the above info, if the manager currently has three HS and three B, what must be true?
answer
More customers could be served if the manager hires more HS and fewer B.
question
Dr. X, an assistant professor at a large state university, is trying to decide how to allocate the 50 hours a week she spends working among the various activities expected of an assistant professor. The professor wants to maximize her raise next year and the table shows estimates of how time spent in each activity will contribute to her raise:

Given the above information, how should she allocate her time?
answer
20 hours research, 15 hours teaching, 15 hours service
question
Refer to the figure below, which shows marginal benefits ( MB) and marginal cost ( MC) of activity A:

If the decision maker is choosing 200 units of activity A,
answer
the activity could be increased by one unit and net benefits will increase by $10.
question
Refer to the following table:

What is the marginal cost of the 1 st unit of the activity?
answer
none of the above
question
A manager in charge of new product development can hire engineers and market researchers. The annual salary of an engineer is $40,000 while a market researcher receives $20,000. The marginal contribution of engineers and market researchers are:

Based on the above information, how should a manager with an annual budget of $240,000, allocate this budget in order to maximize the number of new products developed?
answer
Hire four engineers and four market researchers.
question
A housecleaning company receives $25 for each house cleaned. The table below gives the relation between the number of workers and the number of houses that can be cleaned per week.

Based on the above info, if the wage rate of a housecleaner is $130, what is the maximum amount of profit the company can earn?
answer
$230
question
In making a decision about whether to increase its advertising budget the firm management should not consider
answer
interest payments on the firm's loan.
question
Refer to the following table:

What is marginal benefit for the 4 th unit of the activity?
answer
65
question
A metal refining plant emits sulfur dioxide into the air and has decided to install air scrubbers to reduce the amount of pollution. Each scrubber costs $180,000 and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fines the plant $5,000 for every part of pollution emitted per million.

Based on the information above, how many air scrubbers should the plant install in order to minimize the total cost of pollution?
answer
2
question
The manager of the customer service department at a bank can hire employees with a high school degree ( HS) who earn $10,000 annually or employees with a bachelor's degree ( B) who earn $20,000. The manager wants to maximize the number of customers served given a fixed payroll.

Given the above info, if the manager has a payroll of $80,000, how should the budget be allocated in order to maximize the number of customers served?
answer
Hire four HS and two B.
question
Refer to the following table:

What is the marginal cost for the 5 th unit of the activity?
answer
none of the above
question
A radio manufacturer is experiencing theft problems at its warehouse and has decided to hire security guards to reduce the thefts. The firm wants to minimize the net cost of warehouse thefts.

Given the above info, if the cost of a stolen radio is $25, what is the MOST the firm would be willing to pay to hire the first security guard?
answer
$500
question
A publishing house is using 400 printers and 200 printing presses to produce books. The printers' wage rate is $20 and the price of a printing press is $100. The last printer added 20 books to total output, while the last press added 50 books to total output. In order to maximize the number of books published with a budget of $28,000, the publishing house
answer
should use more printers and fewer presses because the last dollar spent on a printer yielded more output than the last dollar spent on a press.
question
An agency is having problems with personal phone calls made during working hours. Each minute of a personal call costs the agency $0.50 in wasted wages. The agency hires operators to monitor calls in order to attain the optimal number of personal calls (minimize total cost of personal calls).

Based on the above information, if operators receive $25 an hour, how many operators should the agency hire?
answer
2
question
For a constrained minimization problem, the decision maker
answer
all of the above
1 of 59
question
Which of the following economic forces promotes profitability in the long run?
answer
-Existence of strong barriers to entry.

-A large number of complementary products
question
The value of a firm is
answer
smaller the higher is the risk premium used to compute the firm's value.
question
An annual income statement from Quest Realty, Inc. is shown below:

During this year of operation, Quest Realty owned and occupied an office building in downtown Indianapolis. For this year, the building could have been leased to other businesses for $2,000,000 in lease income. Quest Realty also owned undeveloped land valued at $15,000,000. Owners of Quest Realty can earn a 14% rate of return annually on funds invested elsewhere.

Total implicit costs of using owner-supplied resources for Quest Realty for this year are
answer
$4,100,000
question
St. Charles Hospital, located in an upper-income neighborhood of a large city, recently received a restored mansion as a gift from an appreciative patient. The board of directors decided to remodel the mansion and use it as recuperative quarters for patients willing to pay for luxurious accommodations. The cost to the hospital of using the mansion includes
answer
both b and c

-how much the hospital would receive if it rented or sold the mansion.

-how much the hospital pays for upkeep--taxes, insurance, utilities, maintenance, etc.
question
Which of the following is NOT one of features characterizing market structures?
answer
the level of capital investment in research and development
question
When economic profit is positive,
answer
total revenue exceeds total economic cost.
question
Until recently you worked as an accountant earning $30,000 annually. Then you inherited a piece of commercial real estate bringing in $12,000 rent annually. You decided to leave your job and operate a video rental store in the office space you inherited.

At the end of the first year, your books showed total revenues of $60,000 and total costs of $30,000 for video purchases, utilities, taxes, and supplies. What is the total cost of operating the video store?
answer
$72,000
question
Which of the following is a common mistake managers make?
answer
Increasing the rate of production in order to reduce unit costs of production.
question
In a perfectly competitive market,
answer
all firms produce and sell a standardized or undifferentiated product.
question
A manager who does not see his or her goal as the maximization of profit
answer
-both b and c

-represents a principle-agent problem.

-will likely be replaced either by shareholders or by a takeover of the firm.
question
The principal-agent problem arises when
answer
-both a and b

-the principal and the agent have different objectives.

-the principal cannot enforce the contract with the agent or finds it too costly to monitor the agent.
question
At the beginning of 2015, market analysts expect Atlantis Company, holder of a valuable patent, to earn the following stream of economic profits over the next five years. At the end of five years, Atlantis will lose its patent protection, and analysts expect economic profit to be zero after five years.

If investors apply an annual risk-adjusted discount rate of 15%, the value of Atlantis Company in 2015 is $________, which is also the maximum price investors would be willing to pay for Atlantis Company.
answer
$884,912
question
A market
answer
is any arrangement that brings buyers and sellers together to exchange goods or services.
question
Moral hazard
answer
is the cause of principal-agent problems.
question
A price-setting firm
answer
can lower the price of its product and sell more units.
question
An annual income statement from Quest Realty, Inc. is shown below:

During this year of operation, Quest Realty owned and occupied an office building in downtown Indianapolis. For this year, the building could have been leased to other businesses for $2,000,000 in lease income. Quest Realty also owned undeveloped land valued at $15,000,000. Owners of Quest Realty can earn a 14% rate of return annually on funds invested elsewhere.
answer
none of the above
question
Economic profit is the best measure of a firm's performance because
answer
the opportunity cost of using ALL resources is subtracted from total revenue.
question
Owners of a firm want the managers to make business decisions which will
answer
both a and b are correct when revenue and cost conditions in one time period are independent of revenues and costs in future time periods.
question
Which of the following is an example of an implicit cost for a firm?
answer
-both a and c

-the value of time worked by the owner.

-forgone rent on property owned by firm.
question
Refer to the figure below:

If the price is $16, the resulting
answer
surplus will lead to a fall in price.
question
Refer to the figure below:

If price is $16 there is
answer
a surplus of 250 units.
question
Use the following general linear supply function:
Qs = 40 + 6 P - 8 PI + 10 F

where Q s is the quantity supplied of the good, P is the price of the good, PI is the price of an input, and F is the number of firms producing the good.

If PI = $20, F = 60, and the demand function is Qd = 600 - 6 p the equilibrium price and quantity are, respectively,
answer
P = $10 and Q = 540.
question
Use the following general linear demand relation:
Qd = 680 - 9 P + 0.006 M - 4 PR

where M is income and PR is the price of a related good, R.

If M = $15,000 and PR = $20, the demand function is
answer
Qd = 690 - 9 P.
question
Increases in the wage rates of coal miners and decreases in the price of natural gas would cause the price of coal to
answer
rise, fall, or remain unchanged depending on the magnitude of the changes, but the equilibrium quantity of coal would fall
question
Use the following demand and supply functions:
Demand: Qd = 900 - 60 P
Supply: Qs = - 200 + 50 P

Let supply remain constant; an increase in income causes consumers to be willing and able to buy 220 more units at each price than they were previously.

The new equilibrium price and quantity are
answer
P = $12 and Q = 400.
question
If the price of a complement for tires decreases, all else equal,
answer
demand for tires will increase.
question
Use the following general linear demand relation:
Qd = 100 - 5 P + 0.004 M - 5 PR

where P is the price of good X, M is income, and PR is the price of a related good, R.

If M = $50,000 and PR= $10 and the supply function is Qs = 150 + 5 P, market price and output are, respectively,
answer
P = $10 and Q = 200.
question
When the average price of videocassette recorders (VCRs) falls, the result is
answer
an increase in the quantity of VCRs demanded.
question
So long as the actual market price exceeds the equilibrium market price, there will be
answer
downward pressure on the price.
question
In which of the following cases must price always fall?
answer
-Both c and d

-Supply increases and demand remains constant.

-Demand decreases and supply increases
question
Refer to the figure below:

Let supply remain constant at S; an increase in the price of a substitute good causes consumers to be willing and able to buy 150 more units of the good at each price in the list than they were when demand was D. Which of the following statements is (are) true?
answer
-both a and d

-At the original equilibrium price there will be a shortage of 150.

-At the new equilibrium P = $7 and Q = 400.
question
Use the following demand and supply functions:
Demand: Qd = 50 - 4 P
Supply: Qs = 20 + 2 P

If the price is $10, there is a
answer
surplus of 30 units.
question
Use the following demand and supply functions:
Demand: Qd = 900 - 60 P
Supply: Qs = -200 + 50 P

Equilibrium price and output are
answer
P = $10 and Q = 300.
question
Suppose that the market for engagement rings is in equilibrium. Then political unrest in South Africa shuts down the diamond mines there. South Africa is the world's primary supplier of diamonds. What will happen?
answer
The equilibrium quantity of engagement rings will decrease.
question
Refer to the figure below:

If price is $8,
answer
there will be a shortage of 150 units.
question
Use the following general linear demand function below:

Qd = a + bP + cM + dPR

where Qd = quantity demanded, P = the price of the good, M = income, PR = the price of a good related in consumption. The law of demand requires that
answer
b < 0.
question
Derrick owns and operates a bakery. Every Saturday he bakes a batch of fresh kolaches, and every Saturday he sells all the kolaches and has to turn some customers away. Which of the following statements is correct?
answer
-both a and c

-At the current price, quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied.

-If Derrick lowered the price of kolaches, the shortage would increase.
question
Use the following general linear supply function:

Qs = 40 + 6 P - 8 PI + 10 F

where Qs is the quantity supplied of the good, P is the price of the good, PI is the price of an input, and F is the number of firms producing the good.

Suppose PI = $40 and F = 50, what is the lowest price that will induce firms to supply 400 units of output?
answer
$30
question
Suppose that the market for salad dressing is in equilibrium. Then the price of lettuce rises. What will happen?
answer
The demand for salad dressing will decrease.
question
A firm is deciding whether or not to close down its plant and modernize by installing new technology. Which of the following should management ignore when making the decision?
answer
How much the present plant cost
question
A toy manufacturer is experiencing quality problems on its assembly line. Every defective toy that leaves the factory costs the firm $20. The firm has decided to hire quality inspectors to catch defective toys before they leave the factory.

Given the above information, if each inspector is paid $100 a day, how many inspectors should the firm hire to minimize the total cost of defective toys?
answer
3
question
The optimal level of any activity is that level for which
answer
total benefit exceeds total cost by the greatest amount.
question
A restaurant hires cooks and waiters. Cooks earn $10 an hour; waiters earn $5 an hour. The manager, who wants to maximize the number of meals served given a fixed payroll of $45 per hour, expects the following from cooks and waiters:
answer
850.
question
The optimal level of pollution reduction is that level at which
answer
- both a and d

-the total benefits of pollution reduction exceeds the total cost of pollution reduction by the largest amount.

-the additional benefit of the last unit of pollution reduction equals the additional cost of the last unit of pollution reduction.
question
The manager of the customer service department at a bank can hire employees with a high school degree ( HS) who earn $10,000 annually or employees with a bachelor's degree ( B) who earn $20,000. The manager wants to maximize the number of customers served given a fixed payroll.

Given the above info, if the manager currently has three HS and three B, what must be true?
answer
More customers could be served if the manager hires more HS and fewer B.
question
Dr. X, an assistant professor at a large state university, is trying to decide how to allocate the 50 hours a week she spends working among the various activities expected of an assistant professor. The professor wants to maximize her raise next year and the table shows estimates of how time spent in each activity will contribute to her raise:

Given the above information, how should she allocate her time?
answer
20 hours research, 15 hours teaching, 15 hours service
question
Refer to the figure below, which shows marginal benefits ( MB) and marginal cost ( MC) of activity A:

If the decision maker is choosing 200 units of activity A,
answer
the activity could be increased by one unit and net benefits will increase by $10.
question
Refer to the following table:

What is the marginal cost of the 1 st unit of the activity?
answer
none of the above
question
A manager in charge of new product development can hire engineers and market researchers. The annual salary of an engineer is $40,000 while a market researcher receives $20,000. The marginal contribution of engineers and market researchers are:

Based on the above information, how should a manager with an annual budget of $240,000, allocate this budget in order to maximize the number of new products developed?
answer
Hire four engineers and four market researchers.
question
A housecleaning company receives $25 for each house cleaned. The table below gives the relation between the number of workers and the number of houses that can be cleaned per week.

Based on the above info, if the wage rate of a housecleaner is $130, what is the maximum amount of profit the company can earn?
answer
$230
question
In making a decision about whether to increase its advertising budget the firm management should not consider
answer
interest payments on the firm's loan.
question
Refer to the following table:

What is marginal benefit for the 4 th unit of the activity?
answer
65
question
A metal refining plant emits sulfur dioxide into the air and has decided to install air scrubbers to reduce the amount of pollution. Each scrubber costs $180,000 and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fines the plant $5,000 for every part of pollution emitted per million.

Based on the information above, how many air scrubbers should the plant install in order to minimize the total cost of pollution?
answer
2
question
The manager of the customer service department at a bank can hire employees with a high school degree ( HS) who earn $10,000 annually or employees with a bachelor's degree ( B) who earn $20,000. The manager wants to maximize the number of customers served given a fixed payroll.

Given the above info, if the manager has a payroll of $80,000, how should the budget be allocated in order to maximize the number of customers served?
answer
Hire four HS and two B.
question
Refer to the following table:

What is the marginal cost for the 5 th unit of the activity?
answer
none of the above
question
A radio manufacturer is experiencing theft problems at its warehouse and has decided to hire security guards to reduce the thefts. The firm wants to minimize the net cost of warehouse thefts.

Given the above info, if the cost of a stolen radio is $25, what is the MOST the firm would be willing to pay to hire the first security guard?
answer
$500
question
A publishing house is using 400 printers and 200 printing presses to produce books. The printers' wage rate is $20 and the price of a printing press is $100. The last printer added 20 books to total output, while the last press added 50 books to total output. In order to maximize the number of books published with a budget of $28,000, the publishing house
answer
should use more printers and fewer presses because the last dollar spent on a printer yielded more output than the last dollar spent on a press.
question
An agency is having problems with personal phone calls made during working hours. Each minute of a personal call costs the agency $0.50 in wasted wages. The agency hires operators to monitor calls in order to attain the optimal number of personal calls (minimize total cost of personal calls).

Based on the above information, if operators receive $25 an hour, how many operators should the agency hire?
answer
2
question
For a constrained minimization problem, the decision maker
answer
all of the above
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