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PC 2 objectives

question
normal flora of colon
answer
bactericides, clostridium, enterococci, escherichia coli
BEEC
question
normal flora of vagina
answer
bactericides
Escherichia coli***
staphylococcus epidermis

BE
question
normal flora for nose
answer
staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermis

the staff knows (nose)
question
normal flora for skin
answer
propionibacterium acne
staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermis

same as nose + p. acnes
question
Steps for gram staining
answer
1. put bacteria on slide and fix w Heat
2. Add Crystal Violet wait 60 secs
3. wash off w water and Add Iodine (mordant), wait 60 secs
4. wash w water Add a decolorizer, 95% alcohol
5. Add counter stains safranin (red dye), wait 30 secs wash off w water

Gram (+) will appear purple
Gram (-) will appear pink/red
question
morphology of cocci
answer
circular
question
gram positive coccus (circular)
answer
Staphylococcus (clusters)
Streptococcus (chains)
Enterococcus (pairs and chains)
question
gram negative coccus (circular)
answer
Neisseria (diplococci)
question
Morphology: Bacillus
answer
rod
question
gram positive bacillus (rod)
answer
clostridium
listeria
question
gram negative bacillus (rod)
answer
Escherichia coli Shigella Klebsiella Serratia Pseudomonas Bacteroides
question
gram negative spiral
answer
Treponema (syphallis)
question
major infections caused by Clostridium tetani (anaerobes)
answer
Tetanus
question
major infections caused by Bacteroides fragilis (anaerobe)
answer
#Intra-abdominal infections
question
Staphylococcus aureus causes what major infections
answer
Boils/abscesses, impetigo, wound infections, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, endocarditis*

gram + clusters
ben is on staph year round
question
Streptococcus pyogenes causes what major infections
answer
Impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, rheumatic fever, acute pharyngitis (strep throat)***

gram + chains
skin
pyo-maniac - NAC
question
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes what major infection
answer
*Pneumonia, meningitis**, otitis media

gram + chains
question
Enterococci faecalis/faecium causes what major infection
answer
#Intrabdominal infections, endocarditis, bacteremia

gram + pairs and chains
feces
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes what major infection
answer
**Pneumonia, bacteremia

gram - rods
question
E. coli causes what major infection
answer
***Urinary tract infections, bacteremia, neonatal meningitis, #intrabdominal infections, wounds
gram negative rods
question
Example of ingestion bacteria portal of entry
answer
Salmonella typhi, Typhoid fever
question
bacteria portal of entry associated with food (raw) and drinking water
answer
ingestion (oral and GI)
question
example of contact bacteria portal of entry associated with urogenital tract
answer
neisseria gonorrhea, gonorrhea
question
contact portal of entry mainly via gastrointestinal tract is
answer
urogenital tract
question
example of contact bacteria portal of entry associated with skin
answer
clostridium tentani, tetanus
question
contact associated with skin
answer
surfaces, human/animal, recreation areas, health care interventions
question
portals of entry of bacteria a through inhalation
answer
naasal, respiratory tract

air-public area, sanitation workers
question
example of inhalation bacteria
answer
streptococcus pneumonia, pnueumonia
question
gram positive compared to gram neg
answer
Peptidoglycan Thicker
has teichoic acids
no LPS
low lipid content
no groin channel
more susceptible to antibiotics

positive is pep tech, not lipid
question
gram neg compare to gram positive
answer
peptidoglycan Thinner; single
no teichoic acid
LPS- lipid A endotoxin
higher lipid content
has porin channel
more resistant to antibiotic (think fat-lipid resist antibiotic more)
question
Gives rigid support, protects layer against osmotic pressure; is the site of action for antibiotics
answer
peptidoglycan- ONLY IN CELL WALL-thick in gram +, thinner gram neg
hence why gram + is less antibiotic resistant
question
Gives cell structure; protects against antibiotic attack; cell division; surface antigen
answer
teichoic acid
in gram + not neg
question
Barrier against antibiotics; modulates response by the
host immune system
answer
lipopolysaccharide
gram negative has but not gram positive
released when bacteria lysis
fever and shock
question
Passage on nutrients, antibiotics (hydrophilic
compounds); site for development of antibiotic resistance
answer
porin
gram neg has but gram + lacks
question
adherence virulence factors
answer
...
1 of 35
question
normal flora of colon
answer
bactericides, clostridium, enterococci, escherichia coli
BEEC
question
normal flora of vagina
answer
bactericides
Escherichia coli***
staphylococcus epidermis

BE
question
normal flora for nose
answer
staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermis

the staff knows (nose)
question
normal flora for skin
answer
propionibacterium acne
staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermis

same as nose + p. acnes
question
Steps for gram staining
answer
1. put bacteria on slide and fix w Heat
2. Add Crystal Violet wait 60 secs
3. wash off w water and Add Iodine (mordant), wait 60 secs
4. wash w water Add a decolorizer, 95% alcohol
5. Add counter stains safranin (red dye), wait 30 secs wash off w water

Gram (+) will appear purple
Gram (-) will appear pink/red
question
morphology of cocci
answer
circular
question
gram positive coccus (circular)
answer
Staphylococcus (clusters)
Streptococcus (chains)
Enterococcus (pairs and chains)
question
gram negative coccus (circular)
answer
Neisseria (diplococci)
question
Morphology: Bacillus
answer
rod
question
gram positive bacillus (rod)
answer
clostridium
listeria
question
gram negative bacillus (rod)
answer
Escherichia coli Shigella Klebsiella Serratia Pseudomonas Bacteroides
question
gram negative spiral
answer
Treponema (syphallis)
question
major infections caused by Clostridium tetani (anaerobes)
answer
Tetanus
question
major infections caused by Bacteroides fragilis (anaerobe)
answer
#Intra-abdominal infections
question
Staphylococcus aureus causes what major infections
answer
Boils/abscesses, impetigo, wound infections, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, endocarditis*

gram + clusters
ben is on staph year round
question
Streptococcus pyogenes causes what major infections
answer
Impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, rheumatic fever, acute pharyngitis (strep throat)***

gram + chains
skin
pyo-maniac - NAC
question
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes what major infection
answer
*Pneumonia, meningitis**, otitis media

gram + chains
question
Enterococci faecalis/faecium causes what major infection
answer
#Intrabdominal infections, endocarditis, bacteremia

gram + pairs and chains
feces
question
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes what major infection
answer
**Pneumonia, bacteremia

gram - rods
question
E. coli causes what major infection
answer
***Urinary tract infections, bacteremia, neonatal meningitis, #intrabdominal infections, wounds
gram negative rods
question
Example of ingestion bacteria portal of entry
answer
Salmonella typhi, Typhoid fever
question
bacteria portal of entry associated with food (raw) and drinking water
answer
ingestion (oral and GI)
question
example of contact bacteria portal of entry associated with urogenital tract
answer
neisseria gonorrhea, gonorrhea
question
contact portal of entry mainly via gastrointestinal tract is
answer
urogenital tract
question
example of contact bacteria portal of entry associated with skin
answer
clostridium tentani, tetanus
question
contact associated with skin
answer
surfaces, human/animal, recreation areas, health care interventions
question
portals of entry of bacteria a through inhalation
answer
naasal, respiratory tract

air-public area, sanitation workers
question
example of inhalation bacteria
answer
streptococcus pneumonia, pnueumonia
question
gram positive compared to gram neg
answer
Peptidoglycan Thicker
has teichoic acids
no LPS
low lipid content
no groin channel
more susceptible to antibiotics

positive is pep tech, not lipid
question
gram neg compare to gram positive
answer
peptidoglycan Thinner; single
no teichoic acid
LPS- lipid A endotoxin
higher lipid content
has porin channel
more resistant to antibiotic (think fat-lipid resist antibiotic more)
question
Gives rigid support, protects layer against osmotic pressure; is the site of action for antibiotics
answer
peptidoglycan- ONLY IN CELL WALL-thick in gram +, thinner gram neg
hence why gram + is less antibiotic resistant
question
Gives cell structure; protects against antibiotic attack; cell division; surface antigen
answer
teichoic acid
in gram + not neg
question
Barrier against antibiotics; modulates response by the
host immune system
answer
lipopolysaccharide
gram negative has but not gram positive
released when bacteria lysis
fever and shock
question
Passage on nutrients, antibiotics (hydrophilic
compounds); site for development of antibiotic resistance
answer
porin
gram neg has but gram + lacks
question
adherence virulence factors
answer
...
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