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physical and chemical factors ch 16

question
epidermis of skin
answer
forms physical barrier to entrance of microbes
question
mucus
answer
traps microorganisms in respiratory and digestive tracts
question
mucous membranes
answer
inhibit entrance of many microbes, but not as effective as intact skin
question
lacrimal apparatus
answer
tears dilute and wash away irritating substances and microbes
question
saliva
answer
washes microbes from surfaces of teeth and mucous membranes of mouth
question
hairs
answer
filter out microbes and dust in nose
question
cilia
answer
together with mucus traps and removes microbes and dust from upper respiratory tract
question
Epiglottis
answer
prevents microbes from entering the lower respiratory tract
question
urine
answer
washes microbes from urethra
question
vaginal secretions
answer
move microorganisms out of the female reproductive tract
question
peristalsis defecation and vomiting
answer
expel microbes from body
question
sebum
answer
forms a protective acidic film over the skin surface that inhibits growth of many microbes
question
Lysozyme
answer
enzyme that digets peptidoglycan in perispitation , tears , saliva , nasal secretions and urine
question
saliva
answer
contains lysome , yrea and uric acid which inhibit microbes and immunoglobin A which prevents attachment of microbes to mucous membranes , slightly acidic discourages microbial growth
question
gastric juice
answer
destroys bacteria and most toxins in stomach
question
urine
answer
contains lysozyme urea and uric acid which inhibit microbes , Slight acidity discourages microbial growth
question
vaginal secretions
answer
slight acidity discourages bacterial and fungal growth
question
phagocytes
answer
phagocytosis by cells such as neutrophils eosinophils dendritic and macrophages
question
Natural killer cells
answer
kill infected target cells by releasung granules that contain perforin and granzymes , Phagocytes then kill infected microbes
question
Inflammation
answer
confines and destroys microbes; initiates tissue repair
question
fever
answer
intensifies effects of interferons; inhibits growth of some microbes; speeds up body reactions that aid repair
question
complement system
answer
causes cytolysis of microbes , promotes phagocytosis and contributes to inflammation
question
interferons
answer
protect uninfected host cells from viral infection
question
iron binding proteins
answer
inhibit growth of certain bacteria by reducing amount of available iron
question
anti microbial peptides
answer
inhibit cell wall synthesis from pores in plasma membrane that cause lysis and destroy DNA and RNA
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question
epidermis of skin
answer
forms physical barrier to entrance of microbes
question
mucus
answer
traps microorganisms in respiratory and digestive tracts
question
mucous membranes
answer
inhibit entrance of many microbes, but not as effective as intact skin
question
lacrimal apparatus
answer
tears dilute and wash away irritating substances and microbes
question
saliva
answer
washes microbes from surfaces of teeth and mucous membranes of mouth
question
hairs
answer
filter out microbes and dust in nose
question
cilia
answer
together with mucus traps and removes microbes and dust from upper respiratory tract
question
Epiglottis
answer
prevents microbes from entering the lower respiratory tract
question
urine
answer
washes microbes from urethra
question
vaginal secretions
answer
move microorganisms out of the female reproductive tract
question
peristalsis defecation and vomiting
answer
expel microbes from body
question
sebum
answer
forms a protective acidic film over the skin surface that inhibits growth of many microbes
question
Lysozyme
answer
enzyme that digets peptidoglycan in perispitation , tears , saliva , nasal secretions and urine
question
saliva
answer
contains lysome , yrea and uric acid which inhibit microbes and immunoglobin A which prevents attachment of microbes to mucous membranes , slightly acidic discourages microbial growth
question
gastric juice
answer
destroys bacteria and most toxins in stomach
question
urine
answer
contains lysozyme urea and uric acid which inhibit microbes , Slight acidity discourages microbial growth
question
vaginal secretions
answer
slight acidity discourages bacterial and fungal growth
question
phagocytes
answer
phagocytosis by cells such as neutrophils eosinophils dendritic and macrophages
question
Natural killer cells
answer
kill infected target cells by releasung granules that contain perforin and granzymes , Phagocytes then kill infected microbes
question
Inflammation
answer
confines and destroys microbes; initiates tissue repair
question
fever
answer
intensifies effects of interferons; inhibits growth of some microbes; speeds up body reactions that aid repair
question
complement system
answer
causes cytolysis of microbes , promotes phagocytosis and contributes to inflammation
question
interferons
answer
protect uninfected host cells from viral infection
question
iron binding proteins
answer
inhibit growth of certain bacteria by reducing amount of available iron
question
anti microbial peptides
answer
inhibit cell wall synthesis from pores in plasma membrane that cause lysis and destroy DNA and RNA
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