Week 3 GI

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Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming, nonbranching, catalase-positive bacilli.
On SAB, it is hemolytic.
It is capable of motility.
It is resistant to penicillin.

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Bacillus cereus is a ________-forming, nonbranching, catalase-________bacilli.
On SAB, it is ________.
It is capable of ________.
It is resistant to ________.

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Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram positive bacilli that is spore forming.

Microscopically, it looks like thin rods that rarely have spores.

The colonies are large and flat and give off a barnyard odor.

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Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram positive bacilli that is spore forming.

Microscopically, it looks like __________.

The colonies are __________.

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Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic gram positive bacilli that is spore forming.

Microscopically, they are large and squares and resemble boxcars.

The colonies are large and irregular with a double zone of beta-hemolysis.

answer

Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic gram positive bacilli that is spore forming.

Microscopically, they are __________.

The colonies are __________.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a GPC that is catalase and coagulase positive, as well as being beta hemolytic.

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Staphylococcus aureus is a GPC that is catalase and _________ positive, as well as being ____ hemolytic.

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Aeromonas are gram negative rods.

It is K/A on TSI oxidase positive.

It is string test negative and O/129 resistant.

Most clinically relevant aeromonads are indole positive.

Aeromonads grow well in 0% NaCl but not in 6% NaCl.

answer

Aeromonas are gram negative rods.

It is ___ on TSI oxidase ________.

It is string test ________ and O/129 ________.

Most clinically relevant aeromonads are indole ________.

Aeromonads grow well in __% NaCl but not in __% NaCl.

question

E. coli is a gram negative rod that is oxidase negative, it is a lactose fermenter, and it is indole positive.

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E. coli is a gram negative rod that is oxidase _________, it is a lactose _________, and it is indole _________.

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Salmonella is a gram negative rod. It is oxidase negative, a lactose nonfermenter, indole negative, and urease negative. It is also motile and an H2S producer.

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Salmonella is a gram negative rod. It is oxidase _________, a lactose _________, indole _________, and urease _________. It is also _________and an H2S _________.

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Shigella is a gram negative rod. It is oxidase negative and a lactose nonfermenter. The fact that it is nonmotile helps differentiate it from other Enterobacteriaceae.

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Shigella is a gram negative rod. It is oxidase _________ and a lactose _________. The fact that it is _________helps differentiate it from other Enterobacteriaceae.

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Vibrio vulnificus is a gram negative rod. It is unable to ferment sucrose, but it can ferment lactose.

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Vibrio vulnificus is a gram negative rod. It is unable to ferment _________, but it can ferment _________.

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Vibrio alginoluticus is a sucrose fermenter and halophilic at 6% NaCl.

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Vibrio alginoluticus is a sucrose _________and _________ at 6% NaCl.

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Vibrio cholera el Tor is a sucrose fermenter and unable to grow at 6% NaCl. Also, it is Vogues Proskauer positive.

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Vibrio cholera el Tor is a _________ fermenter and _________ to grow at 6% NaCl. Also, it is Vogues Proskauer _________ .

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Vibrio cholerae is a sucrose fermenter and unable to grow at 6% NaCl. Also, it is Vogues Proskauer negative.

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Vibrio cholerae is a _________ fermenter and _________ to grow at 6% NaCl. Also, it is Vogues Proskauer _________.

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CIN agar is selective for Yersinia spp, however, Aeromonas spp can also grow on it. To differentiate the two, perform an oxidase test. Yersinia spp will be oxidase negative and Aeromonas spp will be oxidase positive.

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_________ agar is selective for Yersinia spp, however, Aeromonas spp can also grow on it. To differentiate the two, perform an _________ test. Yersinia spp will be _________ and Aeromonas spp will be _________.

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Routine culture for GI infections are SAB, MAC, and EMB. EMB, or eosin methylene blue, differentiates lactose and nonlactose fermenters. Nonfermenters will not take up the dye in the agar and will appear translucent and colorless or a light purple.

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Routine culture for GI infections are SAB, MAC, and EMB. EMB, or eosin methylene blue, differentiates lactose and nonlactose fermenters. _________ will not take up the dye in the agar and will appear translucent and colorless or a light purple.

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Undercooked chicken and eggs can lead to infection with what?

answer

Salmonella and Campylobacter

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Unpasteurized milk can lead to infection with what?

answer

Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia spp

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Contaminated water can lead to infection with what?

answer

Campylobacter and Bacill

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Helicobacter pylori can be presumptively identified in a gastric biopsy specimen by testing for the presence of a rapid urease reaction. Urease activity can also be detected by the urea breath test, which is sensitive and specific for H. pylori.

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Helicobacter pylori can be presumptively identified in a _________ specimen by testing for the presence of a _________ reaction. _________ activity can also be detected by the _________ test, which is sensitive and specific for H. pylori.

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Hektoen Enteric agar is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate members of the species Salmonella and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae. Enterics that ferment one or more of the carbohydrates will produce yellow to salmon-colored colonies. Non-fermenters will produce blue-green colonies. Organisms that reduce sulfur to hydrogen sulfide will produce black colonies or blue-green colonies with a black center.

answer

Hektoen Enteric agar is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate members of the species Salmonella and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae. Enterics that _________ one or more of the carbohydrates will produce yellow to salmon-colored colonies. _________ will produce blue-green colonies. Organisms that reduce sulfur to hydrogen sulfide will produce black colonies or blue-green colonies with a black center.

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What does Salmonella look like on Hektoen Enteric Agar?

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Blue-green to blue; most strains with black center or completely black.

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What does Shigella look like on Hektoen Enteric Agar?

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Green and moist, raised

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Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar is a selective growth medium used for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from clinical samples and from food. Sugar fermentation lowers the pH and the phenol red indicator registers this by changing to yellow. Most gut bacteria, including Salmonella, can ferment the sugar xylose to produce acid; Shigella colonies cannot do this and therefore remain red. After exhausting the xylose supply Salmonella colonies will decarboxylate lysine, increasing the pH once again to alkaline and mimicking the red Shigella colonies. Salmonellae metabolize thiosulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide, which leads to the formation of colonies with black centers and allows them to be differentiated from the similarly coloured Shigella colonies.

answer

Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar is a selective growth medium used for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from clinical samples and from food. Sugar fermentation lowers the pH and the phenol red indicator registers this by changing to _________. Most gut bacteria, including Salmonella, can ferment the sugar xylose to produce acid; Shigella colonies cannot do this and therefore remain _________. After exhausting the xylose supply Salmonella colonies will decarboxylate lysine, increasing the pH once again to alkaline and mimicking the _________Shigella colonies. Salmonellae metabolize thiosulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide, which leads to the formation of colonies with black centers and allows them to be differentiated from the similarly coloured Shigella colonies.

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TCBS agar is both highly selective and differential. It is selective for Vibrio spp. Fermentation of sucrose turns the agar and colonies yellow.

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TCBS agar is both highly selective and differential. It is selective for Vibrio spp. Fermentation of sucrose turns the agar and colonies _________.

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Some organisms that cause GI infections cause enterotoxin-mediated diarrhea. It has a rapid onset with no fever or leukocytes in the stool. The organisms that cause this are:
EHEC
ETEC
C. botulinum
C. difficile
C. perfringens
V. cholerae
S. aureus

answer

Some organisms that cause GI infections cause enterotoxin-mediated diarrhea. It has a rapid onset with no fever or leukocytes in the stool. The organisms that cause this are:

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Some organisms that cause GI infections do so by invading surrounding tissue and possibly spreading. It has a long incubation period. A fever will be present, so will WBCs and RBCs in the stool. The organisms that cause this are:
Aeromonas
Campylobacter jejuni
EIEC
Salmonella
Shigella
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Yersinia enterocolitica

answer

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Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar (CCFA) is an enriched, selective, and differential media used for the isolation and presumptive identification of Clostridium difficile, a recognized cause of pseudomembraneous colitis.

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Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar (CCFA) is an enriched, selective, and differential media used for the isolation and presumptive identification of __________________, a recognized cause of __________________.

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The first clue that an isolate might belong to the genus Haemophilus is the growth of gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacilli on CHOC agar, with no growth on SBA and MAC agar in pure culture. Haemophilus influenza can be differentiated from other Haemophilus spp by demonstrating a requirement for factors X and V, having a negative porphyrin test, and being unable to cause hemolysis.

answer

The first clue that an isolate might belong to the genus Haemophilus is the growth of _________ on CHOC agar, with no growth on SBA and MAC agar in pure culture. Haemophilus influenza can be differentiated from other Haemophilus spp by demonstrating a requirement for factor(s) _________, having a _________porphyrin test, and being _________ to cause hemolysis.

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Nocardia spp are aerobic, branched, beaded, GPRs. A period of 3 to 6 days may pass before growth is seen. They are partially acid fast and both nitrate and urea positive.

answer

Nocardia spp are aerobic, branched, beaded, GPRs. A period of _________ days may pass before growth is seen. They are partially acid fast and both _________ and _________ positive.

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Brucellae are small gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, unencapsulated bacteria that may appear as coccobacilli or bacilli. They are motility negative, oxidase positive, and are nitrate positive.

answer

Brucellae are small gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, unencapsulated bacteria that may appear as coccobacilli or bacilli. They are motility _________, oxidase _________, and are nitrate _________.

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question

Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming, nonbranching, catalase-positive bacilli.
On SAB, it is hemolytic.
It is capable of motility.
It is resistant to penicillin.

answer

Bacillus cereus is a ________-forming, nonbranching, catalase-________bacilli.
On SAB, it is ________.
It is capable of ________.
It is resistant to ________.

question

answer

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic gram positive bacilli that is spore forming.

Microscopically, it looks like __________.

The colonies are __________.

question

answer

Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic gram positive bacilli that is spore forming.

Microscopically, they are __________.

The colonies are __________.

question

Staphylococcus aureus is a GPC that is catalase and coagulase positive, as well as being beta hemolytic.

answer

Staphylococcus aureus is a GPC that is catalase and _________ positive, as well as being ____ hemolytic.

question

answer

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E. coli is a gram negative rod that is oxidase negative, it is a lactose fermenter, and it is indole positive.

answer

E. coli is a gram negative rod that is oxidase _________, it is a lactose _________, and it is indole _________.

question

Salmonella is a gram negative rod. It is oxidase negative, a lactose nonfermenter, indole negative, and urease negative. It is also motile and an H2S producer.

answer

Salmonella is a gram negative rod. It is oxidase _________, a lactose _________, indole _________, and urease _________. It is also _________and an H2S _________.

question

Shigella is a gram negative rod. It is oxidase negative and a lactose nonfermenter. The fact that it is nonmotile helps differentiate it from other Enterobacteriaceae.

answer

Shigella is a gram negative rod. It is oxidase _________ and a lactose _________. The fact that it is _________helps differentiate it from other Enterobacteriaceae.

question

Vibrio vulnificus is a gram negative rod. It is unable to ferment sucrose, but it can ferment lactose.

answer

Vibrio vulnificus is a gram negative rod. It is unable to ferment _________, but it can ferment _________.

question

Vibrio alginoluticus is a sucrose fermenter and halophilic at 6% NaCl.

answer

Vibrio alginoluticus is a sucrose _________and _________ at 6% NaCl.

question

Vibrio cholera el Tor is a sucrose fermenter and unable to grow at 6% NaCl. Also, it is Vogues Proskauer positive.

answer

Vibrio cholera el Tor is a _________ fermenter and _________ to grow at 6% NaCl. Also, it is Vogues Proskauer _________ .

question

Vibrio cholerae is a sucrose fermenter and unable to grow at 6% NaCl. Also, it is Vogues Proskauer negative.

answer

Vibrio cholerae is a _________ fermenter and _________ to grow at 6% NaCl. Also, it is Vogues Proskauer _________.

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answer

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answer

question

Undercooked chicken and eggs can lead to infection with what?

answer

Salmonella and Campylobacter

question

Unpasteurized milk can lead to infection with what?

answer

Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia spp

question

Contaminated water can lead to infection with what?

answer

Campylobacter and Bacill

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answer

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Hektoen Enteric agar is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate members of the species Salmonella and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae. Enterics that _________ one or more of the carbohydrates will produce yellow to salmon-colored colonies. _________ will produce blue-green colonies. Organisms that reduce sulfur to hydrogen sulfide will produce black colonies or blue-green colonies with a black center.

question

What does Salmonella look like on Hektoen Enteric Agar?

answer

Blue-green to blue; most strains with black center or completely black.

question

What does Shigella look like on Hektoen Enteric Agar?

answer

Green and moist, raised

question

answer

Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar is a selective growth medium used for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from clinical samples and from food. Sugar fermentation lowers the pH and the phenol red indicator registers this by changing to _________. Most gut bacteria, including Salmonella, can ferment the sugar xylose to produce acid; Shigella colonies cannot do this and therefore remain _________. After exhausting the xylose supply Salmonella colonies will decarboxylate lysine, increasing the pH once again to alkaline and mimicking the _________Shigella colonies. Salmonellae metabolize thiosulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide, which leads to the formation of colonies with black centers and allows them to be differentiated from the similarly coloured Shigella colonies.

question

TCBS agar is both highly selective and differential. It is selective for Vibrio spp. Fermentation of sucrose turns the agar and colonies yellow.

answer

TCBS agar is both highly selective and differential. It is selective for Vibrio spp. Fermentation of sucrose turns the agar and colonies _________.

question

answer

Some organisms that cause GI infections cause enterotoxin-mediated diarrhea. It has a rapid onset with no fever or leukocytes in the stool. The organisms that cause this are:

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Nocardia spp are aerobic, branched, beaded, GPRs. A period of 3 to 6 days may pass before growth is seen. They are partially acid fast and both nitrate and urea positive.

answer

Nocardia spp are aerobic, branched, beaded, GPRs. A period of _________ days may pass before growth is seen. They are partially acid fast and both _________ and _________ positive.

question

Brucellae are small gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, unencapsulated bacteria that may appear as coccobacilli or bacilli. They are motility negative, oxidase positive, and are nitrate positive.

answer

Brucellae are small gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile, unencapsulated bacteria that may appear as coccobacilli or bacilli. They are motility _________, oxidase _________, and are nitrate _________.

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Week 3 GI

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